Francisco Caamaño

Col. Francisco Alberto Caamaño Deñó (June 11, 1932 – February 16, 1973) was a Dominican soldier and politician who took the constitutional presidency of the Dominican Republic during the Civil War of 1965. He was the son of General Fausto Caamaño Medina;[1][2] his father was cousin of Juan Pablo Medina de los Santos, the father of both President Danilo Medina Sánchez and House Speaker Lucía Medina Sánchez.[3]

This article uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Caamaño and the second or maternal family name is Deñó.

Francisco Caamaño
Member of Revolutionary Committee of April 1965 in the Dominican Republic
In office May 4, 1965 – August 30, 1965
Preceded by	Triumvirate
Succeeded by	Joaquín Balaguer
Personal details
Born	June 11, 1932 San Juan de la Maguana
Died	February 16, 1973 (aged 40) San José de Ocoa
Nationality	Dominican
Relations	Danilo Medina (second-cousin) Lucía Medina (second-cousin) Claudio Caamaño Grullón (first cousin-once removed) Claudio Caamaño Vélez (first cousin-twice removed)
Occupation	Soldier, politician

Early life

Francisco Alberto Caamaño Deñó was born on June 11, 1932 in San Juan de la Maguana. He was the son of General Fausto Caamano Medina, who died in 1986. His father was a prominent military man during the dictatorship of Rafael Leónidas Trujillo, and he received the highest decorations of the regime, even holding the position of Secretary of State for the Forces Armadas (Minister of Defense) from 1952 to 1955.

Caamaño's family is originally from San Juan de la Maguana, his military family tree includes other military personalities such as Pedro Plutarco Caamano Medina (1889-1893) his uncle, and others such as Jorge Casimiro Fernández Medina, who was a prominent lieutenant colonel in the Dominican Army. Thanks to the influence of his accentuated military kinship, Francisco Alberto excelled in an efficient and careful vocation of service to the military institutions of his country, entering the Dominican Navy at a young age, where he graduated as Ensign and advanced rapidly in the military ladder. During the last years of the Trujillo Era, Caamano commanded the White Helmeted Corps of the National Police.

War of 1965

During the Dominican Republic Civil War that began on April 24, 1965 he was one of the leaders in the movement to restore the democratically elected President Dr. Juan Bosch, who had been overthrown in a military coup d'état in September, 1963. This faction of loyalists came to be known as the Constitucionalistas, for their desire to return to a rightful and constitutional form of government, as opposed to the military junta that was in place.

As the Constitucionalistas successfully seized and held Santo Domingo over the initial days of the uprising, U.S. President Lyndon Johnson ordered an invasion by the U.S. military, dubbed as Operation Power Pack, with the pretext that the lives of American citizens there needed to be protected. A factor that was arguably more involved in the decision was the fear that the Constitucionalistas would bring about a communist regime in the country, and this risk of "another Cuba" was something that would not be allowed.

Presidency

During this period, Caamaño was de facto and, arguably, de jure, President of the Dominican Republic. After a few months of fighting by the Constitucionalistas, who were outnumbered and outgunned by the foreign forces, Caamaño and his men consented to a reconciliation agreement and thus ended the Constitucionalista government.

Facing ongoing threats and attacks during the following months, including a particularly violent attack at the Hotel Matum in Santiago de los Caballeros, Camaaño accepted an agreement imposed by the USA government. The Dominican Provisional President, Héctor García-Godoy, sent Colonel Caamaño as the Military Attache to the Dominican Embassy to the UK. While there, he was contacted by Cuban officials and he fled to Cuba to start a guerrilla group. He had a support group led by Amaury German Aristy that was expected to create the conditions for a victorious landing of Caamaño's commands in the Dominican Republic. This group was ambushed by the Dominican Army and killed during a fierce fight that included heavy artillery and even airplanes.

Death

During late 1973, after several years staying low-profile, Caamaño led the landing of a small group of rebels at Playa Caracoles, near Azua and then into the mountains of the Cordillera Central, with the purpose of starting a peasant revolution to overthrow Dominican President Joaquín Balaguer. Balaguer's government was repressive and highly centralized during this period, reminding many of the Rafael Trujillo regime in which Balaguer had been one of the dictator's puppet presidents and close advisers.[4] After a few weeks of guerrilla war against Balaguer's regular army and not having received the much hoped-for peasant support, he was wounded and captured by Dominican government forces, and then summarily executed.

Some twenty years passed before Caamaño was officially honored by the Dominican government as a hero for his attempts to restore rightful government to his country. Today, there is an avenue in Santo Domingo that bears the name Presidente Caamaño (the avenue borders the western bank of the Ozama River harbor, near its outlet to the Caribbean sea). There is also a metro station in Santo Domingo named after him.

See also

• History of the Dominican Republic
• Dominican Civil War

References

1. "Biografia de Francisco Caamaño". Retrieved March 27, 2018.
2. "Caamaño Deñó, un hombre que dejó hasta su familia por la patria". El Día. April 23, 2013. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
3. Espinal, Edwin (August 24, 2012). "Genealogía paterna del presidente Danilo Medina" (in Spanish). Santo Domingo: Hoy. Instituto Dominicano de Genealogía. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
4. "¡Necesitamos una nueva restauración!." Dominicano Libre Agosto / Septiembre 2006. Retrieved on August 9, 2007. Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine

Further reading

• Hamlet Hermann, Francis Caamaño (1983)
• Richard W. Mansbach, Dominican Crisis, 1965 (1971)