Francis Skinner

Sidney George Francis Guy Skinner (1912 – 11 October 1941) was a friend, collaborator, and lover of the Austrian philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein.

For the associate of Berthold Lubetkin, see Francis Skinner (architect).

Francis Skinner
Francis Skinner (left) and Ludwig Wittgenstein (right) walking with one another in Cambridge
Born	Sidney George Francis Guy Skinner 1912 (1912) Kensington, London, England
Died	11 October 1941(1941-10-11) (aged 28–29)[1]
Nationality	British
Education	University of Cambridge (Graduated with a degree in Mathematics in 1933)
Occupation	Gardener Mechanic

Biography

He was born in 1912 in Kensington, London, England. While studying mathematics at Cambridge in 1930, Skinner fell under Wittgenstein's influence and "became utterly, uncritically, and almost obsessively devoted to Wittgenstein.".[2] Their relationship was characterized by Skinner's eagerness to please Wittgenstein and conform to his opinions. In 1934, the two made plans to emigrate to the Soviet Union and become manual labourers, but Wittgenstein visited the country briefly and realised the plan was not feasible; the Soviet Union might have allowed Wittgenstein to immigrate as a teacher, but not as a manual labourer.

Skinner graduated with a degree in mathematics from Cambridge in 1933 and was awarded a postgraduate fellowship. For three years, he used his fellowship to assist Wittgenstein in preparing a book on philosophy and mathematics (never published).[3] During the academic year 1934–1935, Wittgenstein dictated to Skinner and Alice Ambrose the text of the Brown Book.[4] However, Wittgenstein's hostility toward academia resulted in Skinner's withdrawal from university, first to become a gardener, and later a mechanic (much to the dismay of Skinner's family). In the late 1930s, Wittgenstein grew increasingly distant, and Skinner died from polio in 1941.

Pink Book

In 2011, an extensive archive came to light, consisting of 170,000 words of handwriting, text and mathematics. This apparently had mostly been dictated by Wittgenstein to Skinner, with annotations by both. The archive includes a long-lost, so-called Pink Book. Wittgenstein had posted them to a friend of Skinner days after his death.[5]

Notes

1. Gibson, Arthur (2010). "The Wittgenstein Archive of Francis Skinner". In Nuno Venturinha (ed.), Wittgenstein After His Nachlass, pp. 64–77. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
2. Monk, Ludwig Wittgenstein: The Duty of Genius, p. 331
3. Monk, Ludwig Wittgenstein: The Duty of Genius, p. 334
4. Wittgenstein L., The Blue and Brown Books, ed. by R. Rhees, London: Blackwell, 1958, preface p. v.
5. "Lost archive shows Wittgenstein in a new light"