Latvian Russian Union

The Latvian Russian Union (Latvian: Latvijas Krievu savienība, Russian: Русский союз Латвии) (LKS) is an ethnic minority, left-wing political party in Latvia, supported mainly by ethnic Russians and other Russian-speaking minorities. The co-chairpersons of the Latvian Russian Union are Miroslav Mitrofanov and Tatjana Ždanoka.[1]

Latvian Russian Union Latvijas Krievu savienība
Co-chairpersons	Miroslav Mitrofanov Tatjana Ždanoka[1]
Founded	1998 (electoral alliance) 2007 (party)
Merger of	Equal Rights, Free Choice in People's Europe
Headquarters	Riga
Ideology	Russian minority politics[2] Russophilia[3]
Political position	Left-wing
European affiliation	European Free Alliance (observer)[4]
European Parliament group	The Greens–European Free Alliance
Colours	Blue, red
Saeima	0 / 100
European Parliament	1 / 8
Website
rusojuz.lv
Politics of Latvia Political parties Elections

The party emphasizes issues important to the Russian minority in Latvia. It requests the granting of Latvian citizenship to all of Latvia's remaining non-citizens and supports Russian and Latgalian as co-official languages in municipalities where at least 20% of the population are native speakers of such a language. It supports stronger ties with Russia and was the only major political organization to oppose Latvia's membership in NATO. The Latvian Russian Union is left-wing on economic issues, though emphasis is mostly on social issues.

History

The party originated as the electoral alliance For Human Rights in a United Latvia (ForHRUL) (Latvian: Par cilvēka tiesībām vienotā Latvijā, PCTVL; Russian: За права человека в единой Латвии, ЗаПЧЕЛ) that was established in May 1998 by three political parties: the National Harmony Party, Equal Rights and the Socialist Party of Latvia, all of which were mainly supported by Russophone voters. The alliance won 16 out of 100 seats in the 1998 parliamentary election and 25 seats in the 2002 parliamentary election, as well as 13 out of 60 seats on Riga City Council in the 2001 municipal elections. After the municipal elections, ForHRUL became part of Riga's city government and National Harmony Party member Sergey Dolgopolov became the deputy mayor of Riga City Council.

During this period, ForHRUL's most prominent leaders were Jānis Jurkāns, Alfrēds Rubiks and Tatjana Ždanoka. Jurkāns was a leader of the Popular Front of Latvia and founder of the National Harmony Party; Rubiks and Ždanoka were prominent as leaders of the Interfront movement, the Latvian branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the federalist movement in Latvia in the early 1990s. They are fairly popular in the Russian community but very unpopular among ethnic Latvians. ForHRUL therefore remained in opposition, because other parties would have faced a backlash from ethnic Latvian voters if they entered into a coalition with Rubiks or Ždanoka.

ForHRUL partially broke up in 2003. The National Harmony Party was the first to leave the alliance and the Socialist Party followed half a year later. The remnant of ForHRUL consisted of Equal Rights and Free Choice in Peoples' Europe (Latvian: Brīvā izvēle tautu Eiropā, BITE). The latter was composed of dissident Socialist Party and National Harmony Party members, like Yakov Pliner, who opposed the decision to quit the alliance. This reduced grouping had only 6 members of the Saeima (out of 25 that the alliance had before the breakup). ForHRUL was the main force supporting Russian School Defense Staff activities from 2003-2005.

At the first Latvian election to the European Parliament in 2004, ForHRUL gained one seat, held by Tatjana Ždanoka, who sat with the Greens–European Free Alliance group in the European Parliament.[5] It also proposed the idea of a Europe-wide party of ethnic Russians. ForHRUL supported a federal Europe, with a "common economic and political space from Lisbon to Vladivostok".

In 2007, ForHRUL was transformed into a single party that retained the name and identity of the old electoral alliance. In recent years the party's support has declined as ethnic Russian voters have switched allegiance to the Harmony party, successor to the National Harmony Party. At the 2010 parliamentary election, the party lost its representation in the Latvian Parliament.

In 2011, the party launched an unsuccessful popular initiative on amending the law governing Latvian nationality. The Central Electoral Commission considered the proposed amendment to be incompatible with the Constitution of Latvia and the process of collecting signatures for a referendum on the proposals was suspended. This decision was eventually upheld by the Constitutional Court of Latvia and the Supreme Court of Latvia. It also supported the 2012 initiative to make Russian a co-official language in Latvia.

In January 2014, ForHRUL changed its name to the Latvian Russian Union. At the 2014 European Parliament election, it retained its single seat in the European Parliament. The party supported the annexation of Crimea by Russia in 2014 and has taken a pro-Russian stance in the subsequent War in Donbass. In August 2014 the party signed a cooperation agreement with the Crimean branch of Russian Unity to "strengthen the unity of Russian world".[6]

In July 2018, Ždanoka resigned her mandate in the European Parliament to focus on the 2018 Latvian parliamentary election and was succeeded by Miroslav Mitrofanov.[7][8] With Andrejs Mamikins as their prime minister candidate[9] Latvian Russian Union gained 3.2% votes, failing to win any seats in Saeima, but qualifying for state funding of almost 20 000 euros a year[10] that the party will not be receiving since it does not possess an account in a credit institution registered in Latvia as required by the Law on Financing of Political Organizations.[11] Ždanoka blamed the poor election results on the party's "very modest" budget, but said self-liquidating is not on their agenda, assuring that the Latvian Russian Union "will continue working as usual".

Election results

Parliament (Saeima)

Election year	# of votes	% of votes	# of seats won	+/−	Notes
2002	189,088	19.1	25 / 100	9
2006	54,684	6.1	6 / 100	19
2010	13,845	1.47	0 / 100	6
2011	7,109	0.78	0 / 100
2014	14,390	1.58	0 / 100
2018	27,014	3.20	0 / 100

European Parliament

Election year	# of votes	% of votes	# of overall seats won	+/−	Notes
2004	61,401	10.66	1 / 9	1
2009	76,436	9.66	1 / 8
2014	28,303	6.38	1 / 8
2019	29,546	6.24	1 / 8

Riga City Council (Rīgas Dome)

Election year	# of votes	% of votes	# of overall seats won	+/−	Notes
2005	27,728	13.68	9 / 60	4
2009	6,519	2.7	0 / 60	9

See also

• Giulietto Chiesa, an Italian candidate on the ForHRUL list for the 2009 European Parliament elections.

References

1. "Leaders of Latvian Russian Union". Latvian Russian Union. Retrieved April 2, 2015.
2. Nordsieck, Wolfram (2010). "Latvia". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 2011-07-26.
3. "Security Police detain pro-Russia activist". eng.lsm.lv.
4. "Member Parties". European Free Alliance.
6. "Pro Russia party signs major deal with Crimea group". The Baltic Times. August 13, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
7. "Ždanoka quits Brussels to run Saeima campaign for party". Public Broadcasting of Latvia. January 15, 2018. Retrieved July 2, 2018.
8. "13th Saeima elections: The parties (Part 1)". Public Broadcasting of Latvia. August 13, 2018. Retrieved August 15, 2018.
9. "Ždanoka may get shot at Saeima elections after all". Public Broadcasting of Latvia. June 30, 2018. Retrieved July 2, 2018.
10. Klūga, Māris (October 8, 2018). "Three of the smaller parties to get state funding". Public Broadcasting of Latvia. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
11. "No state cash for Latvian Russian Union". Public Broadcasting of Latvia. November 30, 2018. Retrieved November 30, 2018.

External links

• Official website (in English)