Flora of Japan

The flora of Japan comprises a large assemblage of plant species which can be found in Japan, such as sakura, katsura, momiji and azalea. There are many species which are endemic to Japan.

Cherry blossom in Sugimara Park

Diversity

Japan has significant diversity in flora. Of approximately 5,600 total vascular plant species, almost 40% are endemic.[1] This richness is due to the significant variation in latitude and altitude across the country, a diversity of climactic conditions due to monsoons, and multiple geohistorical incidences of connections with the mainland.[2]

Vegetation Types

Japan consists of roughly vegetation zones that are delineated by temperature and precipitation: the alpine region, subalpine region, summer-green broad-leaved forest region and evergreen broad-leaved forest region.[3][4]

Due to its substantial length of over 3,000 km from north to south and its mountain ranges that can exceed 3,000 meters, Japan's vegetation varies by latitude and by altitude. Evergreen forests tend to appear in the southern half of the Japanese mainland, with broad leaf forests, subalpine and alpine appearing with increasing frequency to the north and near mountains.[3][4]

Evergreen broad-leaved forest region
Main article: Taiheiyo evergreen forests

The evergreen forest zone can be found along the coasts of the southern half of Japan and is most common zone in the Ryukyu Islands, Shikoku and, Kyushu as well as parts of southwestern Honshu with equal longitude.[3] This region rises up to an elevation of 750 meters near Tokyo.[4] At the coasts, the dominant forest canopy species are Castanopsis cuspidata and Machilus thunbergii. Inland, trees belonging to the genus Quercus are dominant. In lower layers, trees and shrub species include Camellia japonica, Neolitsea sericea, Aucuba japonica, and Eurya japonica. It is a characteristic of this zone that all these are evergreen species.[4]

Summergreen broad-leaved forest region

These forests can be found in central Japan above 1,000 meters altitude and throughout parts of Hokkaido at elevations between 700 and 1,600 meters. These forests are also called Fagus crenata forests due to the prevalence of this tree species. On the western side, common species include Daphniphyllum macropodum, Cephalotaxus harringtonii, and Aucuba japonica. On the eastern side facing the Pacific Ocean, important species include Ulmus japonica, Arachniodes standishii , and Laportea macrostachya. This region has been particularly affected by human development and clearing of natural forests. Cleared lands tend to be replanted with Larix kaempferi, Cryptomeria japonica , and Chamaecyparis obtusa.[4]

Subalpine and alpine regions

In Honshu, from 1,600 to 2,500 meters, and Hokkaido at slightly lower altitudes, character species in the subalpine zone are Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Vaccinium ovalifolium, Neottia cordata, Coptis trifolia. Distinguishing trees include Abies mariesii, Larix kaempferi, and Tsuga diversifolia.[4]

Above 2500 meters, vegetation has to contend with significant snowfall and high winds. Genera that can survive in these conditions include Phyllodoce and Harrimanella.[4]

Cultural significance
TitleSymbolPicture
National treeJapanese Cherry blossom (Prunus serrulata)
National flowerFlorist's daisy/Yellow Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium)
National fruitsLychee (Litchi chinensis)

Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki)

National vegetableDaikon (Raphanus sativus longipinnatus)
National cropsSoybeans (Glycine max)

List
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
gollark: osmarkscalculator™ will be implemented in Rust.
gollark: Go carcinize reality.
gollark: yeah, than⁡ks lyric
gollark: `Type[*]`
gollark: It's trivial.

See also

References
  1. Uemura, Shigeru (1989). "Snowcover as a Factor Controlling the Distribution and Speciation of Forest Plants". Vegetatio. 82 (2): 127–137. ISSN 0042-3106. JSTOR 20038472. Retrieved 2020-08-07.
  2. Government of Japan (2014). "Fifth National Report of Japan to the Convention on Biological Diversity". Missing or empty |url= (help)
  3. "The Wildlife in Japan" (PDF). Ministry of the Environment. 2015. Retrieved 2020-07-28.
  4. Miyawaki, Akira (1984). "A Vegetation~Ecological View of the Japanese Archipelago". Bulletin of the Institute of Environmental Science and Technology. 11: 85–101.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.