Flight endurance record
The flight endurance record is the longest amount of time an aircraft of a particular category spent in flight without landing. It can be a solo event, or multiple people can take turns piloting the aircraft, as long as all pilots remain in the aircraft. The limit initially was the amount of fuel that could be stored for the flight, but aerial refueling extended that parameter. Due to safety concerns, the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) no longer recognizes new records for the duration of manned airplane or glider flights and has never recognized any duration records for helicopters.
![](../I/m/Voyager_aircraft.jpg)
The current record for the longest non-stop, non-refueled airplane flight in history (9 days and 3 minutes) was achieved in the Rutan Voyager
Aeroplane
Non-refueled, manned
Duration (hhh:mm:ss) | Date | Location | Pilots | Aircraft | Comments | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
216:03:44 | December 14–23, 1986 | Edwards Air Force Base, circumnavigation | Dick Rutan and Jeana Yeager | Rutan Voyager | [1] | |
117:51:00 | June 28 to July 3, 2015 | Nagoya, Japan – Kalaeloa Airport, Hawaii, United States (8263 kilometres) | André Borschberg | Solar Impulse 2 | Solar plane, without any fuel; also longest solo airplane flight of any type | [2][3] |
84:32:00 | May 25–28, 1931 | Jacksonville, Florida | Walter Edwin Lees and Frederic Brossy | Bellanca J-2 | Last record recognized by FAI | [4] |
75:23:07 | February 26 to March 1, 1931 | La Sénia, Algeria | Lucien Bossoutrot and Maurice Rossi | Blériot 110 | [5] | |
67:13:55 | May 30 to June 2, 1930 | Montecelio, Italy | Umberto Maddalena and Fausto Cecconi | Savoia-Marchetti S.64 | [6] | |
65:25:00 | July 5–7, 1928 | Dessau, Germany | Johann Risztics and Wilhelm Zimmermann | Junkers W 33 | Also surpassed the refueled record | [7] |
52:22:31.8 | August 3–5, 1927 | Dessau, Germany | Cornelius Edzard and Johann Risztics | Junkers W 33 | [8] | |
51:11:25 | April 12–14, 1927 | Long Island, New York | Clarence Duncan Chamberlin and Bertrand Blanchard Acosta | Wright-Bellanca WB-2 "Columbia" | [9] | |
45:11:59 | August 7–9, 1925 | Chartres, France | Maurice Drouhin and Jules Landry | Farman F.60 Goliath | [10] | |
37:59:10 | July 16–17, 1924 | Chartres, France | Etienne Coupet and Maurice Drouhin | Farman F-60 | Also surpassed the refueled record | [11] |
36:04:34 | April 16–17, 1923 | Wilbur Wright Field, Dayton, Ohio | Oakley George Kelly and John Arthur Macready | Fokker T-2 | [12] | |
34:14:07 | October 14–15, 1922 | Le Bourget, France | Lucien Bossoutrot and Robert Drouhin | Farman F.60 Goliath | [13] | |
26:19:35 | December 29–30, 1921 | Roosevelt Field, New York;[14] FAI record says Jacksonville, Florida | Edward A. Stinson and Lloyd Bertaud | Junkers-Larsen JL-6 | First record recognized by FAI | [15] |
24:19:07 | June 3–4, 1920 | Ville Sauvage la Dordogne, France | Lucien Bossoutrot and Jean Bernard | Farman F.60 Goliath | [16] | |
24:12:00 | July 10–11, 1914 | Johannisthal Air Field near Berlin, Germany | Reinhold Böhm | Albatros biplane | [17][18] | |
21:49:00 | June 28–29, 1914 | Johannisthal Air Field near Berlin, Germany | Werner Landmann | Albatros biplane | [19] | |
13:22:00 | September 11, 1912 | Étampes airfield in France | Alexandre Fourny (Fourney) | Maurice Farman MF-2 | [20][21] | |
11:01:29 | September 1, 1911 | Buc, France | Alexandre Fourny (Fourney) | Maurice Farman biplane | [22][23] | |
08:12:45 | December 18, 1910 | Étampes airfield in France | Henri Farman | Maurice Farman biplane | [24] | |
06:01:00 | October 28, 1910 | Buc, France | Maurice Tabuteau | Maurice Farman MF-2 | [25] | |
05:03:05 | July 10, 1910 | Reims, France | Jan Olieslagers | Blériot monoplane | [25][26] | |
04:17:35 | November 3, 1909 | Mourmelon-le-Grand, France | Henri Farman | H. Farman | [27] | |
02:18:33.6 | December 31, 1908 | Camp d’Auvours near Le Mans, France | Wilbur Wright | Wright Model A | [28] | |
01:54:00.4 | December 18, 1908 | Camp d’Auvours near Le Mans, France | Wilbur Wright | Wright Model A | [28] | |
01:31:25.8 | September 21, 1908 | Camp d’Auvours near Le Mans, France | Wilbur Wright | Wright Model A | [28] | |
01:14:20 | September 12, 1908 | Fort Myer, Virginia | Orville Wright | Wright Model A | [29] | |
01:10:24 | September 11, 1908 | Fort Myer, Virginia | Orville Wright | Wright Model A | [29] | |
01:05:52 | September 10, 1908 | Fort Myer, Virginia | Orville Wright | Wright Model A | [29] | |
01:02:15 | September 9, 1908 | Fort Myer, Virginia | Orville Wright | Wright Model A | [29] | |
00:59:23.8 | October 5, 1905 | Huffman Prairie, Ohio | Wilbur Wright | Wright Flyer III | [30] | |
00:33:17 | October 4, 1905 | Huffman Prairie, Ohio | Orville Wright | Wright Flyer III | [30] | |
00:26:11.2 | October 3, 1905 | Huffman Prairie, Ohio | Orville Wright | Wright Flyer III | [30] | |
00:19:56 | September 29, 1905 | Huffman Prairie, Ohio | Orville Wright | Wright Flyer III | [30] | |
00:18:11.4 | September 26, 1905 | Huffman Prairie, Ohio | Wilbur Wright | Wright Flyer III | [30] | |
00:05:41 | September 12, 1905 | Huffman Prairie, Ohio | Wilbur Wright | Wright Flyer III | [30] | |
00:05:04 | November 9, 1904 | Huffman Prairie, Ohio | Wilbur Wright | Wright Flyer II | [31] | |
00:01:38 | October 14, 1904 | Huffman Prairie, Ohio | Orville Wright | Wright Flyer II | [31] | |
00:01:35.8 | September 20, 1904 | Huffman Prairie, Ohio | Wilbur Wright | Wright Flyer II | [31] | |
00:00:59 | December 17, 1903 | Kitty Hawk, North Carolina | Wilbur Wright | Wright Flyer | [32] | |
00:00:12 | December 17, 1903 | Kitty Hawk, North Carolina | Orville Wright | Wright Flyer | First flight | [32] |
Refueled, manned
![]() The Cessna 172, used by Robert Timm and John Cook, hanging in McCarran Airport. |
![]() The aircraft Curtiss Robin "St. Louis" during the record flight July 13–30, 1929, St. Louis, Missouri. |
Duration (dd:hh:mm:ss) | Date | Location | Pilots | Aircraft | Comments | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
64:22:19:05 | December 4, 1958, to February 7, 1959 | McCarran Airport, Las Vegas, Nevada | Robert Timm and John Cook | Cessna 172, Hacienda | Refueled from moving truck on ground | [33] |
50:00:18:20 | August 2, 1958, to September 21, 1958 | Dallas, Texas | Jim Heth and Bill Burkhart | Cessna 172, The Old Scotsman | Refueled from moving truck on ground | [34][35] |
46:20:00:00 | August 24 to October 10, 1949 | Yuma, Arizona | Bob Woodhouse and Woody Jongeward | Aeronca Sedan, City of Yuma | Attempted to persuade government officials to reopen Yuma Army Air Field | [36] |
42:00:02:00 | March 15 to April 26, 1949 | Fullerton, California | Dick Riedel and Bill Barris | Aeronca Sedan, Sunkist Lady | [37] | |
30:06:00:00 | October 1–30, 1939 | Long Beach, California | Wes Carroll and Clyde Schlieper | Piper Cub seaplane, Spirit of Kay | [38][39] | |
27:05:34:00 | June 4 to July 1, 1935 | Meridian, Mississippi | Brothers Al and Fred Key | Curtiss Robin, Ole Miss | Invented a spill-free mid-air refueling nozzle | [40] |
23:01:41:30 | June 11 and July 4, 1930 | Chicago, Illinois | Brothers John and Kenneth Hunter | Stinson SM-1 Detroiter | [41] | |
17:12:17:00 | July 13–30, 1929 | St. Louis, Missouri | Dale Jackson and Forest O'Brine | Curtiss Robin | [42] | |
10:06:43:32 | July 2–12, 1929 | Culver City, California | Loren W. Mendell and Roland B. Reinhart | Buhl Airsedan, Angeleno | [43][44] | |
07:06:00:00 | June 30 to July 6, 1929 | Cleveland, Ohio | Roy Mitchell and Byron K. Newcomb | Stinson SM-1 Detroiter named The City of Cleveland | Not recognized as an official record by FAI because it did not exceed previous record by at least 1%. | [45] |
07:04:31:01 | May 19–26, 1929 | Ft. Worth, Texas | Reginald Robbins and James Kelly | Mahoney -Ryan Aircraft Ryan Monoplane B-1 Brougham named Fort Worth | [46] | |
06:15:40:00 | January 1–7, 1929 | Van Nuys Airport, California | Maj. Carl Spaatz, Capt. Ira Eaker, 1st Lt. Harry A. Halverson, 2nd Lt. Elwood Quesada, and Sgt. Roy W. Hooe | Atlantic-Fokker C2A named Question Mark | [47] | |
02:12:07:00 | June 1–4, 1928 | Tirlemont, Belgium | Louis Crooy and Sgt. Victor Groenen | De Havilland DH-9 | [48] | |
01:13:15:14 | August 27–28, 1923 | Rockwell Field, California | Capt. Lowell Smith and 1st Lt. John Paul Richter | De Havilland DH-4B | First refueled flight to surpass the non-refueled record | [49] |
Airline, scheduled
Not an FAI category. See Non-stop flight.
Duration (hhh:mm:ss) | Date | Location | Pilots | Aircraft | Comments | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
32:09:00 | 1943–1945 | Swan River, Nedlands, Western Australia to Lake Koggala, Sri Lanka | several Qantas crews | Qantas Consolidated PBY Catalina | Called "The Double Sunrise" (c.3500 mi.)
271 crossings |
[50] |
24:56:12 | August 10–11, 1938 | Berlin-Staaken to Floyd Bennett Field, New York | Dipl.-Ing. Alfred Henke (flight captain), captain Rudolf von Moreau (second pilot), Paul Dierberg (operator) and Walter Kober (radio operator) | Deutsche Luft Hansa Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor | (c.4000 mi.) | [51] |
23:19:00 | October 1–2, 1957 | London to San Francisco | ? | TWA Lockheed Constellation L-1649A | (c.5350 mi.) |
Aeroplane, unmanned
Duration (hhh:mm:ss) | Date | Location | Pilot | Aircraft | Comments | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
623:57:00 | July 11 - August 8, 2018 | Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona | Unmanned | Airbus Zephyr 8 | 25 days, 23 hours, 57 minutes | [52] |
336:22:08 | July 9–23, 2010 | Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona | Unmanned | QinetiQ Zephyr 7 | FAI ratified U-Absolute record | [53] |
121:23:34 | October 18-23, 2017 | Wallops Flight Facility, Virginia | Unmanned | Vanilla Aircraft VA001 | [54] | |
81:24:10 | July 14–17, 2015 | Rafz, Switzerland | Unmanned | AtlantikSolar AS-2 | [55] | |
55:56:14 | November 30-December 2, 2016 | Las Cruces, New Mexico | Unmanned | Vanilla Aircraft VA001 | Current FAI ratified Class U-1.c record | [56] |
30:24:01 | March 20–21, 2001 | Edwards Air Force Base, California | Unmanned | Northrop Grumman RQ-4A Global Hawk | [57] |
Helicopter
Manned, non-refueled
Duration (hhh:mm:ss) | Date | Location | Pilot | Aircraft | Comments | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
15:08:00 | April 6, 1966 | Culver City, California to Ormond Beach, Florida (2,213.04 mi) | Robert G. Ferry | Hughes YOH-6A | As a nonstop non-refueled trip this flight also holds the record for the longest distance flown in a helicopter without landing. FAI category: "Great circle distance, without landing". | [58] |
Unmanned
Duration (hhh:mm:ss) | Date | Location | Pilot | Aircraft | Comments | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
18:41:28 | May 15, 2008 | Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona | Unmanned | Boeing A160 Hummingbird | [59] |
Free balloon, manned
Duration (hhh:mm:ss) | Date | Location | Pilot | Aircraft | Comments | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
477:47:00 | March 1–21, 1999 | Château-d'Œx, Switzerland; circumnavigation | Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones | Breitling Orbiter 3 | [60] | |
355:50:00 | June 19 – July 3, 2002 | Northam, WA (Australia) circumnavigation | Steve Fossett | Cameron Balloons R-550 (N277SF) | Longest solo flight in any type of aircraft | [61] |
268:20:00 | July 12–23, 2016 | Northam, WA Australia; circumnavigation | Fedor Konyukhov | Cameron Balloons R-550 | Shortest time around the world | [62] |
82:05:00 | September 9–12, 1995 | Wil, Switzerland to Lucincik, Ukraine (1.395,4 km) | Johann Fuerstner and Gerald Stuerzlinger | D-OSTZ Graf Zeppelin | 3rd place in Gordon Bennett Gas Balloon Race | [63] |
Airship
Duration (hhh:mm:ss) | Date | Location | Pilot | Aircraft | Comments | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
264:12:00 | March 4 to March 15, 1957 | Naval Air Station South Weymouth, Mass. to Naval Air Station Key West, Fla. | Cmdr. Jack. R. Hunt | "Snowbird" ZPG-2 | via Europe, Africa | [64] |
95:05:00 | November 21 to November 25, 1917 | Jambol, Bulgaria to Jambol, Bulgaria | LtCdr. Ludwig Bockholt | L95 (LZ104) Type W Zeppelin | originally destined for the Makonde Plateau, mission aborted at 16° 30′ N, 30° 0′ E, near Khartoum, Sudan after areas fit for landing were captured by British forces | [65] |
71:00:00 | October 29 to November 1, 1928 | Lakehurst, NJ to Friedrichshafen, Germany | Hugo Eckener | LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin | [66] |
Glider
Duration (hhh:mm:ss) | Date | Location | Pilot | Aircraft | Comments | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
71:05:00 | July 28–30, 1961 | Honolulu, Hawaii | Geza Vass and Guy Davis | [67] | ||
56:15:00 | April 2–4, 1952 | Romanin les Alpilles near Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, France | Charles Atger | Arsenal Air 100 | [68] |
Spacecraft, manned
Duration that a specific person continuously occupies the spacecraft while in orbit
Duration (ddd:hh:mm:ss) | Date | Location | Astronaut | Aircraft | Comments | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
437:17:58:17 | January 8, 1994, to March 22, 1995 | Low Earth orbit; Baikonur Cosmodrome to near Arkalyk, Kazakhstan | Valeri Polyakov | Russian space station Mir | [69] |
Aerospacecraft, orbital, manned
Duration (ddd:hh:mm:ss) | Date | Location | Astronaut | Aircraft | Comments | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
17:15:53:17 | November 19 to December 7, 1996 | Low Earth orbit, Kennedy Space Center | Kenneth D. Cockrell, Kent V. Rominger, Tamara E. Jernigan, Thomas D. Jones, and F. Story Musgrave | Space Shuttle Columbia, STS-80 | [70] |
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