Fire services in South Korea

The Fire Service in South Korea (or Korea Fire Service) is an organization to prevent danger, to protect the Republic of Korea people's lives and property, fire suppression and rescue, relief of emergency patients, prevention of disaster, disaster response, and providing recovery after a disaster occurs.[1][2] Fire fighters in South Korea are Fire officers, members of an obligatory fire-fighting unit, and Volunteer fire fighters.[1] Regarding fire fighting activities, the Framework Act on Fire Service, rescue and emergency activities are regulated by Act of 119 Rescue and Emergency Medical Services. The national fire department is the responsibility of the Ministry of Public Safety and Security, and the local fire department is in charge of the city and circuit fire headquarters.[3]

Official logo for fire service of the Republic of Korea

There are multiple criticisms such as the problem of the command system, the status of the firefighting organization, and the poor treatment of the firefighters, although a plurality of organizations are set up to carry out firefighting activities.

History

Before the Goryeo Dynasty

According to Samguk Sagi, it is recorded that the fire occurred in King Munmu 2 years, 6 years, 8 years, and guess that the concept of arson was born.[4]

From the Goryeo Dynasty, a system on the level of fire at the national level began to be prepared, preventing the fire with the name 'ban blame system', but no specialized organization existed.[5] However, party officials and responsible officials in each government office are responsible for preventing fire, management has been dismissed unless fire prevents, civilians fire out deliberately or deliberately fire Put disciplinary discrimination by fireplace and place punishment, place administrators of gold coins in warehouse after 20 years of Wun Buddhist fire, and when the history checked occasionally and neglected their duties, punished.[4]

Joseon Dynasty
Training of the court fire brigade of the 1900s

The fire fighting system of the Joseon Dynasty was established in 1426 (Sejong 8th year), the first firefighting organization specialized in the Korean Peninsula was set up under the salary, and began taking charge of the fire protection work.[6] Initially, the forbidden army suppressed the fire, renamed the fire battalion as Ghum-Hwa(금화,禁火. fire fighter) in the dynasty era and working for 24 hours.[7][8]

Korea under Japanese rule

Fire department in the Japanese emperor's fortune occupation is responsible for the Department of Protection or Security Department of the Governor-General of Korea. In the 1910s, firefighters were placed at the police office in Seoul City and other major cities We organized firefighting groups and arranged firefighters. In 1922, the Gyeongseong firefighting group was rebuilt by the Gyeongseong fire house, and in 1925, the first fire station of the Gyeongseong fire station rewrote.[7][8]

United States Army Military Government in Korea and Republic of Korea

National Fire Service

In 1950 he was marched at the Fire Department of the Security Bureau, but in the same year it shrank to the security officer of the security department, and in 1955 the safety and protection department in charge of the fire department was in charge of the security department together with the guard department guard. The fire department was installed again in 1961 and was in charge of fire fighting work in the fire department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Security Department of the Internal Affairs Department until 1971. In 1975 the civil defense fund law came into force and was in charge of the civil defense headquarters fire department.[5]

Since then, the National Emergency Management Agency was established in 2004 after the fire accident of the Daegu subway and the typhoon,[9] but was dismantled by the Sinking of MV Sewol in 2014 and was transferred to the Ministry of Public Safety and Security.

Local Fire Service

In 1945, the fire department was established in the local government police department during the US military rule. In 1946, the Fire Fire Defense Committee and the municipal fire department were established, the Fire Department was established in 1947 and it was autonomous under the Ministry of Commerce, but in 1948 belonged to the state police administration regime. The fire department was established in Seoul Metropolitan City and Busan Metropolitan City in 1972, and in 1975, it was responsible for firefighting affairs in the fire department of the Civil affairs administration of each circuit. Since 1976 the mayor and county guard were in charge of firefighting work only in areas where fire stations were not established,[5] but in 1992 the circuit Fire headquarters was established and reached the present.[10]

Fire service structure
Gyeonggi Disaster and Safety Headquarters

The firefighting organization of the Republic of Korea consists of the Central Fire Service under the Ministry of Public Safety and Security and the city or circuit firefighting headquarters. Under the Central Fire Service there are National 119 Rescue Headquarters and a National Fire Service Academy, and under the city or circuit Firefight Headquarters there are fire stations and local fire academy. The Central Fire Service is the central government, the city or circuit fire headquarters is managed by the local government respectively.

Central Fire Service

Local Fire Service

City Fire Service

Circuit Fire Service

Lack of Fire Stations

Although it is in principle to set up one fire station in one city, county, or ward,[11] it was not protected, and as a result of the Fire headquarters in Gangwon Province analyzing fire life damage, there is a significant difference in death rate depending on the presence or absence of a fire station and insist on the necessity of establishing a fire station. However, a budget of about 7 billion won is consumed for establishing one fire station, and in municipalities with poor financial autonomy passively responding to the establishment of a fire station.[12]

Fire officers
In 2008 Namdaemun fire, Firefighters extinguishing the fire.

The firefighters of the Republic of Korea are divided into 119 Fire Fighting Corps, 119 Rescue Squad, 119 Ambulance Corps by their work.

Rank
Rank insignia of Fire Sub-deputy Chief
Rank insignia of Fire Captain
Rank insignia of Probationary Firefighter

It can be divided into 11 classes of national workers and 10 classes of regional workers.[13]

Problem of disease

South Korean firefighters work for about 84 hours a week,[14] and there is little support for treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder.[15] Indeed, the fire fighter with occupational illness is 14.3%.[16] However, 88 percent of the firemen who wounded injured due to disadvantage did not declare that they were official illness.[17] Diseases such as leukemia and blood cancer are not acknowledged to be official affairs in the state, and such a tone is maintained even after the Supreme Court's ruling.[18]

Manpower shortage problem

In order to solve the problem of excessive working hours, the local fire department changed the shift from two shifts to three shifts, but the total number of firefighters worked on the job wasn't added.[19] In addition, the number of firefighters needed to be dispatched at the end of 2014 amounted to 50493, but only about 41 percent of the respondents are able to fill the vacancy.[20]

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See also

References
  1. "Framework Act on Fire Services". Ministry of Government Legislation. Retrieved 2014-12-30.
  2. "Act on 119 Rescue and Emergency Medical Services". Ministry of Government Legislation. Retrieved 2016-03-16.
  3. "Local Autonomy Act". Ministry of Government Legislation. Retrieved 2014-01-21.
  4. (in Korean) "Gyeongsangbuk-do Fire Service Headquarters History". Gyeongsangbuk-do. Retrieved 2017-01-08.
  5. (in Korean) "Chungcheongbuk-do Fire Service History". Chungcheongbuk-do. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  6. (in Korean) "Gyeongsangbuk-do Fire Service Headquarters History". Gyeongsangbuk-do. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  7. (in Korean) "Doopedia - Firefighting". Naver. Doosan. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  8. (in Korean) "The Encyclopedia of Korean National Culture - Firefighting". Naver. Central Research Institute of Korea Studies. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  9. (in Korean) 백소용 (2014-05-29). ""다시 행정직 지휘받나" 소방방재청 부글부글". 세계일보. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
  10. (in Korean) 최고 (2012-11-09). "<119의 날 50주년 특집> 50주년 소방의 날을 맞아 돌아보는 소방의 역사". 소방방재신문. Retrieved 2014-03-21.
  11. (in Korean) "Regulations concerning the Establishment of Municipal Fire Service Facilities". Ministry of Government Legislation. 2013-02-22. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  12. (in Korean) 이강일·박영서·전승현·홍인철 (2016-08-07). "불나면 산 넘고넘어 1시간 걸려 와요…소방서 없는 지자체 많아". Yeonhapnews. Retrieved 2016-08-13.
  13. (in Korean) "울산소방본부 소방복제 및 장비". Ulsan Metropolitan City. Archived from the original on 6 May 2015. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  14. (in Korean) 채희선 (2012-03-02). "홍제동 참사 11년… 소방관 안전 대책은 아직도 빨간불". The Hankookilbo. Retrieved 2017-01-09.
  15. (in Korean) 정성호 (2013-12-31). "소방관 '외상 후 스트레스 장애' 심각". Korea Broadcasting System. Retrieved 2014-02-26.
  16. (in Korean) "소방관 절반 이상이 '건강 이상자'…14.3%는 직업병 앓아". Moneytoday. 2015-07-20. Retrieved 2015-07-20.
  17. (in Korean) 강버들 (2015-11-13). "소방관 절반 가까이 불면증, 다쳐도 '쉬쉬'…불이익 우려". JTBC. Retrieved 2015-11-30.
  18. (in Korean) 차상은·박수철·김윤호·강태우·김호 (2015-11-30). ""이젠 그 누구에게도 소방관을 권하고 싶지 않습니다"". The Jungangilbo. Retrieved 2015-11-30.
  19. (in Korean) 윤나라 (2012-10-07). "소방관들 무리한 3교대… "불 끌 사람 없다"". SBS. Retrieved 2014-01-04.
  20. (in Korean) 장민성 (2015-09-04). ""소방관 현장출동인력, 기준보다 41% 부족"". The newsis. Retrieved 2015-09-04.
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