Federico Moreno Torroba

Federico Moreno Torroba (3 March 1891 – 12 September 1982) was a Spanish composer, conductor, and theatrical impresario. He is especially remembered for his important contributions to the classical guitar repertoire, becoming one of the leading twentieth-century composers for the instrument.[2] He was also one of the foremost composers of zarzuelas, a form of Spanish light opera. His 1932 zarzuela, Luisa Fernanda, has proved to be enduringly popular. In addition, he composed ballets, symphonic works, and piano pieces, as well as one-act operas and one full-length opera, El poeta, which premiered in 1980, starring well-known tenor Plácido Domingo. Moreno Torroba also ran his own zarzuela company, which toured extensively, especially in Latin America.

This article uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Moreno and the second or maternal family name is Torroba.
Federico Moreno Torroba
Federico Moreno Torroba (left) with zarzuela baritone Plácido Domingo Ferrer backstage at the Teatro de la Zarzuela in Madrid, 1946
Born
Federico Moreno Torroba

(1891-03-03)3 March 1891[1]
Madrid, Spain[1]
Died12 September 1982(1982-09-12) (aged 91)[1]
Madrid, Spain[1]
NationalitySpanish
OccupationComposer

Biography and career

Over the course of his long career, Moreno Torroba composed many works, both in traditional Spanish forms and for the concert hall. He is often associated with the zarzuela, a traditional Spanish musical form. He achieved his greatest success in the 1930s with the zarzuelas Luisa Fernanda (1932) and La Chulapona (1934). Directing several opera companies, Moreno Torroba helped introduce the zarzuela to international audiences. In 1946 he formed a zarzuela company with singers Plácido Domingo Ferrer and Pepita Embil, the parents of Plácido Domingo and close friends of his. The company toured Latin America for two years, becoming particularly popular in Mexico. The composer who was identified from the beginning with the phalanx, to be on the national side. decided to go to America in 1946 to avoid the economic and food shortages of the postwar Spain.

Moreno Torroba also composed operas, of which La Virgen de Mayo (1925) and El poeta (1980) with Plácido Domingo in the title role, are his best known.[3] In addition to his vocal works, he is well known for his compositions for the classical guitar,[2] many of which were dedicated to either Maria Angélica Funes or Andrés Segovia. Although he did not play the guitar himself he had a deep understanding of the instrument, according to the virtuoso Pepe Romero.[4] He also frequently conducted.

Works

Operas
  • La Virgen de Mayo, 1 act (1925)
  • El poeta, 4 acts (1980)

Zarzuelas
  • La Mesonera de Tordesillas (1925)
  • La Marchenera (1928)
  • Azabache (1932)
  • Luisa Fernanda (1932)
  • Xuanón (1933)
  • La Chulapona (1934)
  • Sor Navarra (1938)
  • Maravilla (1941)
  • El Duende azul (1946, with Rodrigo)
  • Baile en Capitanía (1960)
  • Ella (1966)

Ballets
  • Fantasía de Levante (1957)
  • Don Quixote (1970)
  • El Hijo pródigo (1976)
  • Cristo, luz del mundo (1978)

Orchestral works

(see below for works with guitar)

  • La Ajorca de oro (1918)
  • Zoraida (1919)
  • Suite madrileña (1953)
  • Mosaico sevillano (1954)
  • Aires vascos (1956)
  • Danzas asturianas (1956)
  • San Fermín (1960)
  • Eritaña (1979)
  • Sonatina trianera (1980)
  • Fantasía castellana (1980) for piano and orchestra

Guitar works

Solo

  • Sonatina (1924)
  • Nocturno (1926)
  • Suite castellana (1926). Contains: 1. Fandanguillo; 2. Arada; 3. Danza.
  • Preludio (1928)
  • Burgalesa (1928)
  • Piezas características (1931). Contains: 1. Preámbulo; 2. Oliveras; 3. Melodía; 4. Albada; 5. Los Mayos; 6. Panorama.
  • Sonata-Fantasía (early 1950s)
  • Madrileñas (1953)
  • Zapateados (1953)
  • Segoviana (1956)
  • Sevillana (1956)
  • Once obras (1966)
  • Habanera de mi niña (1966)
  • Castillos de España ("Castles of Spain") (vol. 1, 1970; vol. 2, 1978). Contains: Sigüenza, Manzanares el Real, Alba de Tormes, Montemayor (Romance de los Pinos), Alcañiz, Javier, Torija, Simancas, Zafra, Turégano, Redaba, Alcázar de Segovia, Olite, Calatrava.
  • Tríptico (1973)
  • Las Puertas de Madrid (1976). Contains: Puerta de San Vicente; Puerta de Moros; Puerta de Toledo; Puerta de Alcalá; Puerta del Ángel; Puerta Cerrada; Puerta de Hierro.
  • Aires de La Mancha
  • Madroños
  • Serenata Burlesca
  • Siete Piezas de Álbum. Contains: Chisperada; Rumor de Copla; Minueto del Majo; ¡Ay, Malagueña!; Aire Vasco; Segoviana; Bolero Menorquín.
  • Sonatina y variación in E minor
  • Suite miniatura. Contains: Llamada; Tremolo; Vals; Divertimento.

Guitar with orchestra

  • Concerto de Castilla (1960)
  • Homenaje a la seguidilla (1962)
  • Tres nocturnos (1970)
  • Concerto ibérico (1976)
  • Diálogos (1977)

Guitar quartets

  • Ráfagas (1976)
  • Estampas (1979)
  • Sonata-Fantasía II (1976)
  • Sonata trianera (1980)

Piano works
  • Apetits pas (1913)
  • El Mate (1915)
  • Alegrías de Cadiz (1957)
  • Fandango corralero (1957)
  • Torerías (1957)
  • Chucares (1958)
  • Noche sevillana (1959)

Recordings with Moreno Torroba as conductor or performer

LP
  • Mosaico Andaluz – Orquesta De Conciertos De Madrid, Director y arreglador F. Moreno Torroba (Sello Hispavox, Año 1958. 45 R.P.M.)[5]
  • Recordando El Ayer – Orquesta Federico Moreno Torroba (1961) [6]
  • La Voz de su Amo – Isabel Rivas, Luis Sagi-Vela, Tino Pardo, Ramón Alonso, Rosa Sarmiento, Mari Carmen Ramírez, Matilde Garcés, Enrique del Portal, Luis Frutos, Ana M.ª Amengual. Coro Cantores de Madrid, dir.: José Perera. Orquesta Lírica Española, dir.: Federico Moreno Torroba. (1968) [7]
  • Federico Moreno Torroba – Banda De Pasodobles De Madrid – Lp Pasodobles Toretos – RCA 1958[8]
  • Ultimos Exitos De Lola Flores. Acompañada Por F. Moreno Torroba Y Su Orquestra[9]
  • Luisa Fernanda – Moreno Torroba[10]
  • Corrida De Toros Con Oles[11]
  • María Manuela[12]
  • Moreno Torroba: Homenaje A La Seguidilla c/w Castelnuovo-Tedesco: Guitar Concerto In D, Op. 99. Ángel Romero, ECO, Federico Moreno Torroba. EMI: ASD 4171.
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

CD
  • Luisa Fernanda. Moreno Torroba conducts, 1932. (Blue Moon, BMCD 7504)
  • Azabache – Xuanon – Maria La Tempranica. Moreno Torroba conducts. (Blue Moon, BMCD 7544)
  • La Caramba – Maravilla – La Ilustre Moza. Moreno Torroba conducts. (Blue Moon, BMCD 7526)
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
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References
  1. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2012-08-24.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. Moreno Torroba's biography (Naxos)
  3. List of Moreno tenho fome Torroba's work from Zarzuela.net site
  4. Discussion with Pepe Romero
  5. Mosaico Andaluz – Orquesta De Conciertos De Madrid, Director y arreglador F. Moreno Torroba Archived 2011-07-24 at the Wayback Machine
  6. Recordando El Ayer - Orquesta Federico Moreno Torroba: "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2010-07-10.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link), "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2010-07-10.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link), "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2010-07-10.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  7. La Voz de su Amo Archived 2011-07-24 at the Wayback Machine
  8. Banda De Pasodobles De Madrid Archived 2011-07-24 at the Wayback Machine
  9. Ultimos Exitos De Lola Flores
  10. Luisa Fernanda: "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-28. Retrieved 2010-07-10.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link),
  11. Corrida De Toros Con Oles Archived 2011-07-28 at the Wayback Machine
  12. María Manuela

Literature
  • Clark, Walter Aaron – Krause, William Craig: Federico Moreno Torroba: A Musical Life in Three Acts. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. ISBN 978-0-19-531370-3.
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