Fagraea

Fagraea is a genus of plants in the family Gentianaceae.[1] It includes trees, shrubs, lianas, and epiphytes. They can be found in forests, swamps, and other habitat in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands, with the center of diversity in Malesia.[2]

Fagraea
Fagraea crenulata
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Gentianaceae
Tribe: Potalieae
Subtribe: Potaliinae
Genus: Fagraea
Thunb.

Many Fagraea species have a variety of human uses, particularly the wood and flowers. The flowers open in the evening and are often fragrant and bat-pollinated. They are so conspicuous they have roles in Polynesian mythology. They make the trees attractive as ornamental plantings. Some are used in leis. Fagraea auriculata produces a flower over 30 centimeters wide, one of the largest flowers of any plant in the world. Many species, especially the Malesian taxa, have valuable wood. It was used to carve tikis. Some have been used in traditional medicine, perfumery, and aromatherapy. The flowers are featured in the traditional artwork of various cultures.[2]

The fruits are food for many animals, including cassowaries, flying foxes, and civets.[2]

Fagraea ceilanica

Species

The Plant List currently records 71 accepted species:[3]

  • Fagraea acutibracteata M.Wong & Sugau
  • Fagraea annulata Hiern
  • Fagraea auriculata Jack (bira-bira)
  • Fagraea belukar K.M.Wong & Sugau
  • Fagraea berteroana A.Gray ex Benth. (pua, te uri)
  • Fagraea blumei G.Don
  • Fagraea bodenii Wernham
  • Fagraea borneensis Scheff.
  • Fagraea calcarea M.R.Hend.
  • Fagraea carnosa Jack
  • Fagraea carstensensis Wernham
  • Fagraea caudata Ridl.
  • Fagraea ceilanica Thunb. (perfume flower tree)
  • Fagraea collina K.M.Wong & Sugau
  • Fagraea crenulata Maingay ex C.B.Clarke (cabbage tree)
  • Fagraea curtisii King & Gamble
  • Fagraea cuspidata Blume
  • Fagraea dulitensis K.M.Wong & Sugau
  • Fagraea elliptica Roxb. (dewadaru tree)
  • Fagraea epiphytica Elmer
  • Fagraea euneura Scheff.
  • Fagraea eymae Backer ex Leenh.
  • Fagraea fastigiata Blume
  • Fagraea floribunda K.M.Wong & Sugau
  • Fagraea fragrans Roxb. (tembusu, kingwood)
  • Fagraea gardeniiflora Wernham
  • Fagraea gardenioides Ridl.
  • Fagraea gigantea Ridl. (ironwood)
  • Fagraea gitingensis Elmer
  • Fagraea graciliflora Leenh.
  • Fagraea gracilipes A.Gray
  • Fagraea havilandii K.M.Wong & Sugau
  • Fagraea iliasii K.M.Wong & Sugau
  • Fagraea imperialis Miq.
  • Fagraea involucrata Merr.
  • Fagraea kalimantanensis (Leenh.) K.M.Wong & Sugau
  • Fagraea kinabaluensis K.M.Wong & Sugau
  • Fagraea kuminii K.M.Wong & Sugau
  • Fagraea litoralis Blume
  • Fagraea longiflora Merr.
  • Fagraea longipetiolata K.M.Wong & Sugau
  • Fagraea macroscypha Baker
  • Fagraea maingayi C.B.Clarke
  • Fagraea megalantha K.M.Wong & Sugau
  • Fagraea montana K.M.Wong & Sugau
  • Fagraea oblonga King & Gamble (bird's fig)
  • Fagraea oreophila K.M.Wong & Sugau
  • Fagraea peninsularis K.M.Wong & Sugau
  • Fagraea philippinensis K.M.Wong & Sugau
  • Fagraea plumeriiflora DC.
  • Fagraea pyriformis S.Moore
  • Fagraea racemosa Jack (false coffee)
  • Fagraea rarissima K.M.Wong & Sugau
  • Fagraea renae K.M.Wong & Sugau
  • Fagraea resinosa Leenh.
  • Fagraea ridleyi King & Gamble
  • Fagraea rugulosa K.M.Wong & Sugau
  • Fagraea salticola Leenh.
  • Fagraea spicata Baker
  • Fagraea splendens Blume
  • Fagraea stenophylla Becc. ex Merr.
  • Fagraea stonei K.M.Wong & Sugau
  • Fagraea ternatana Miq.
  • Fagraea teysmanii Cammerl.
  • Fagraea truncata Blume
  • Fagraea tubulosa Blume
  • Fagraea tuyukii K.M.Wong & Sugau
  • Fagraea umbelliflora Gilg & Benedict
  • Fagraea volubilis Wall.
    • F. volubilis var. microcalyx K.M.Wong & Sugau
  • Fagraea wallichiana Benth.
  • Fagraea woodiana F.Muell.
  • Fagraea racemosa Wallich, 19th century
  • Fagraea imperialis Miquel, A. Bernecker, ~1860
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References
  1. Backlund, M., et al. (2000). Phylogenetic relationships within the Gentianales based on NDHF and RBCL sequences, with particular reference to the Loganiaceae. American Journal of Botany 87 1029-43.
  2. Motley, T. J. (2004). The ethnobotany of Fagraea Thunb.(Gentianaceae): The timber of Malesia and the scent of Polynesia. Economic Botany 58(3) 396-409.
  3. Fagraea. The Plant List (accessed 30/6/2017).


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