Faculty (division)
A faculty is a division within a university or college comprising one subject area or a group of related subject areas, possibly also delimited by level (e.g. undergraduate).[1] In American usage such divisions are generally referred to as colleges (e.g., "college of arts and sciences") or schools (e.g., "school of business"), but may also mix terminology (e.g., Harvard University has a "faculty of arts and sciences[2]" but a "law school").
History
The medieval University of Bologna, which served as a model for most of the later medieval universities in Europe, had four faculties: students began at the Faculty of Arts, graduates from which could then continue at the higher Faculties of Theology, Law, and Medicine. The privilege to establish these four faculties was usually part of medieval universities’ charters, but not every university could do so in practice.
The Faculty of Arts took its name from the seven liberal arts: the trivium[Notes 1] (grammar, rhetoric, dialectics) and the quadrivium[Notes 2] (arithmetic, music, geometry and astronomy). In German, Scandinavian, Slavic and related universities, it would more often be called the Faculty of Philosophy.[Notes 3] The degree of Magister Artium (Master of Arts) derives its name from the Faculty of Arts, while the degree of Doctor Philosophiae (Doctor of Philosophy) derives its name from the Faculty of Philosophy, German name of the same faculty. Whether called Faculty of Arts or Faculty of Philosophy, it taught a range of subjects with general and fundamental applicability.
The higher Faculty of Law and Faculty of Medicine were intended, much like today, for specialized education required for professions. The Faculty of Theology was the most prestigious, as well as least common in the first 500 years—and generally one that popes sought most to control. Although also "professional" education for clergy, theology (until the Enlightenment) was also seen as the ultimate subject at universities, named "The Queen of the Sciences", and often set the example for the other faculties.
The number of faculties has usually multiplied in modern universities, both through subdivisions of the traditional four faculties and through the absorption of academic disciplines that developed within originally vocational schools, in areas such as engineering or agriculture.
Faculty of Arts
A Faculty of Arts is a university division teaching in areas traditionally classified as "liberal arts" for academic purposes (from Latin liberalis, "worthy of a free person", and ars, "art or principled practice"), generally including creative arts, writing, philosophy, and humanities.
A traditional division of the teaching bodies of medieval universities (the others being Law, Medicine and Theology), the Faculty of Arts was the lowest in rank but also the largest (the higher faculties admitted only Arts graduates).[3] Instead of "Arts", this faculty often had the name "Philosophy". Nowadays this is still a common name for faculties teaching humanities (e.g.,) Norwegian: Det filosofiske fakultet, Slovene: Filozofska fakulteta).
Faculty of Classics
A Faculty of Classics may be focused on ancient history and ancient literature. The title may refer to the following faculties:
Faculty of Commerce
Faculty of Commerce examples include:
- Faculty of Commerce: Banaras Hindu University
- Faculty of Commerce: University of Wollongong
- Faculty of Commerce, Social Welfare & Business Management: University of Calcutta
- Faculty of Commerce and Accountancy: Thammasat University
Faculty of Economics
Faculty of Economics (Ekonomski fakultet in most South Slavic languages) may refer to, amongst others:
- MSU Faculty of Economics, located in Moscow, Russia
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Economics, located in Belgrade, Serbia
- University of Montenegro Faculty of Economics, located in Podgorica, Montenegro
- Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb, located in Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Osijek Faculty of Economics, located in Osijek, Croatia
- School of Economics and Business Sarajevo, located in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- University of Kragujevac Faculty of Economics, located in Kragujevac, Serbia
- Makerere University School of Economics, located in Kampala, Uganda
Faculty of Education
Faculty of Education examples include:
- Faculty of Education, Banaras Hindu University
- Faculty of Education, McGill University
- Faculty of Education, Queen's University
- Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge
- Faculty of Education, University of Colombo
- Faculty of Education, University of London
- Faculty of Education, University of Osijek
- Faculty of Education, University of Strathclyde
- Faculty of Education, University of Western Ontario
- Faculty of Education, University of Zagreb
- Faculty of Education, Victoria University of Wellington
Other faculties
- Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Sydney
- Faculty of Education, Law and Social Sciences (Birmingham City University)
Faculty of Engineering
Faculty of Engineering examples include:
Faculty of Graduate Studies
The title, Faculty of Graduate Studies, refers not to a specific area of study, but to a Graduate school. Examples include:
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, of the University of Colombo
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, of the Brock University
- Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, of the Carleton University
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, of the University of Kelaniya
Faculty of Humanities
A Faculty of Humanities is a university faculty teaching humanities.
Examples include:
- Faculty of Humanities, University of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- AAU Faculty of Humanities, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Humanities, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Humanities, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
Faculty of Information Technology
A Faculty of Information Technology is a university faculty teaching information technology.
Examples include:
- Faculty of Information Technology, Polytechnic University of Tirana
- Faculty of Information Technology, University Džemal Bijedić of Mostar
- Faculty of Information Technology, Czech Technical University in Prague
Faculty of Law
A Faculty of Law is a university faculty teaching law, or a law school faculty.
Examples include:
- Faculty of Law: Aligarh Muslim University
- Faculty of Law: Banaras Hindu University
- Faculty of Law: Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Faculty of Law: Göttingen University
- Faculty of Law: Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Faculty of Law: Heidelberg University
- Faculty of Law: Istanbul Commerce University
- Faculty of Law: Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch
- Faculty of Law: Lakehead University
- Faculty of Law: McGill University
- Faculty of Law: Monash University
- Faculty of Law: National University of Singapore
- Faculty of Law: Queen's University
- Faculty of Law: Saint Petersburg State University
- Faculty of Law: Thammasat University
- Faculty of Law: Thompson Rivers University
- Faculty of Law: Université de Montréal
- Faculty of Law: University of Alberta
- Faculty of Law: University of Belgrade
- Faculty of Law: University of British Columbia
- Faculty of Law: University of Calcutta
- Faculty of Law: University of Calgary
- Faculty of Law: University of Cambridge
- Faculty of Law: University of Colombo
- Faculty of Law: University of Copenhagen
- Faculty of Law: University of Delhi
- Faculty of Law: University of Hong Kong
- Faculty of Law: University of Ljubljana
- Faculty of Law: University of Montenegro
- Faculty of Law: University of Mostar
- Faculty of Law: University of National and World Economy
- Faculty of Law: University of New Brunswick
- Faculty of Law: University of Osijek
- Faculty of Law: University of Oslo
- Faculty of Law: University of Otago
- Faculty of Law: University of Ottawa
- Faculty of Law: University of Oxford
- Faculty of Law: University of Pretoria
- Faculty of Law: University of Sarajevo
- Faculty of Law: University of Tasmania
- Faculty of Law: University of Toronto
- Faculty of Law: University of Victoria
- Faculty of Law: University of Waikato
- Faculty of Law: University of Windsor
- Faculty of Law: University of Zagreb
- Faculty of Law: Victoria University of Wellington
Others
- Faculty of Civil Law, University of Santo Tomas
- Faculty of Education, Law and Social Sciences (Birmingham City University)
- Faculty of International Law, CUPL
- Faculty of Law and Administration, Jagiellonian University
- Faculty of Law and Public Administration, University of Szeged
Faculty of Management Studies
A Faculty of Management Studies is a university division teaching management studies.
Examples include:
- Faculty of Management Studies, Banaras Hindu University
- Faculty of Management Studies (Delhi), University of Delhi
- FMS Baroda, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
- FMS Udaipur, Mohanlal Sukhadia University
Faculty of Music
In English-speaking academia, Faculty of Music normally refers to a university department, especially at Oxford and Cambridge (UK). In the US, the use of 'faculty' often relates to academic and teaching staff.
Examples include:
- Faculty of Music, University of Cambridge
- Faculty of Music, Academy of Performing Arts in Prague
Faculty of Natural Sciences
Faculty of Natural Sciences examples include:
- Imperial College Faculty of Natural Sciences, England
- Comenius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Slovakia
- Vilnius University Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lithuania
Faculty of Philosophy
A Faculty of Philosophy is a university faculty teaching philosophy.
In the universities of continental Europe, the Faculty of Arts has more often been named the equivalent of "Faculty of Philosophy" (e.g., Norwegian: Det filosofiske fakultet, Slovene: Filozofska fakulteta). Nowadays this is a common name for the faculties teaching humanities.
Examples include:
- Faculty of Philosophy, University of Cambridge
- Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford
- Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade
- Faculty of Philosophy, University of Montenegro
- Faculty of Philosophy, University of Niš
- Faculty of Philosophy, University of Zagreb
Faculty of Political Science
Faculty of Political Science examples include:
- Faculty of Political Science in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Belgrade, Serbia
- MSU Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University, Russia
- Faculty of Political Science, Ankara University, Turkey
- Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Montenegro
- Faculty of Political Science, Chulalongkorn University
- Faculty of Political Science, Thammasat University
Notes and References
Notes
- The three artes of the humanities
- The four artes of the natural sciences
- The medieval university Arts/Philosophy faculty soon expanded its curriculum with the three Aristotelian philosophies: physics, metaphysics and moral philosophy.
References
- Charles William Eliot, Association of American Universities, "Discussion of the Actual and the Proper Line of Distinction Between College and University", Journal of proceedings and Addresses of the First and Second annual conferences, Volumes 1-12 (1901), p. 38.
- https://www.fas.harvard.edu/
- The Faculty of Arts - Catholic Encyclopedia article
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