Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party

The Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party (Hungarian: Független Kisgazda-, Földmunkás- és Polgári Párt), known mostly by its acronym FKgP or its shortened form Independent Smallholders' Party (Hungarian: Független Kisgazdapárt), is a political party in Hungary. Since the 2002 parliamentary elections, the party has won no seats.

Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party

Független Kisgazda, Földmunkás és Polgári Párt
LeaderKároly Balogh[1]
Founded12 October 1930
18 November 1988 (refoundation)
Headquarters1092. Budapest, Kinizsi u. 22.
IdeologyAgrarianism[2]
Hungarian nationalism[3]
Right-wing populism[3]
National conservatism
Anti-communism[3]
Political positionRight-wing[4]
European affiliationNone
European Parliament groupNone
ColoursGreen
SloganIsten, Haza, Család
God, Homeland, Family
Most MPs
245 / 409
(November 1945)
Website
www.fkgp.hu
Hungary
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Hungary

History

Founded on 12 October 1930, the original party won a majority in the first elections after the Second World War, resulting in its leader, Zoltán Tildy, becoming prime minister. In the elections in November 1945, the Smallholders' polled 57% of votes against the Communists' 17%. The Communist response was the sponsoring of a coalition of "democratic" parties against the smallholders.[5] The Smallholders-dominated parliament established a republic in 1946 with Tildy as president. He was succeeded as prime minister by Ferenc Nagy.

In 1947 the Communist Party carried out a coup d’état against the rule of the Smallholders’ Party. Though not all democratic institutions were abolished, the Communists firmly held power. Most of the resisting Smallholder were either arrested or forced to leave the country. Lajos Dinnyés of the Smallholders remained prime minister after the 1947 elections, but his government was controlled by the communists. Over the next two years, the Communists pressured the Smallholders into expelling their right-wing members as "fascists". Another Smallholder, the openly pro-Communist István Dobi, became premier in December 1948, and pushed out the remaining elements of the party who were not willing to stop their obstruction. In 1949, the party was absorbed into a People's Independent Front, led by the communist Hungarian Working People's Party. The latter prevailed in elections held that year, marking the onset of undisguised Communist rule in Hungary. The Smallholders party was dissolved later in 1949, and Dobi and several other left-wing Smallholders joined the Communist Party.

In early 2019, Our Homeland Movement (Mi Hazánk Mozgalom) made an alliance with the right-wing Hungarian Justice and Life Party and FKgP.[6]

Party leaders (1930–1949; 1988–)
Leader Dates
Bálint Szijj1930–1931
Gaszton Gaál1931–1932
Tibor Eckhardt1932–1940
Zoltán Tildy1940–1944
István Balogh (acting)1944–1945
Zoltán Tildy1945–1946
Ferenc Nagy1946–1947
István Dobi1947–1949
Hungary was under one-party rule1949–1956
Béla Kovács1956
Hungary was under one-party rule1956–1988
Tivadar Pártay1988–1989
Vince Vörös1989–1990
Ferenc József Nagy1990–1991
József Torgyán1991–2002
Miklós Réti2002–2005
Péter Hegedűs2005–2017
Károly Balogh 2017–

Election results

National Assembly
Election year National Assembly Government
#of
overall votes		 % of
overall vote		 #of
overall seats won		 +/–
1931 173,477
11.48% (#4)
10 / 245
 in opposition
1935 387,351
19.62% (#2)
22 / 245
 12 in opposition
1939 569,054
14,56% (#3)
14 / 260
 8 in opposition
1944
(#3)
124 / 498
 110 in government
1945 2,697,262
57.03% (#1)
245 / 409
 121 in government
1947 766,000
15.34% (#2)
68 / 411
 177 in government
19491 5,478,515
97.1%
62 / 402
 6 in government
1990 576,256
11.74% (#3)
44 / 386
 in government
until 1992
1994 476,416
8.82% (#4)
26 / 386
 18 in opposition
1998 617,740
13.78% (#3)
48 / 386
 22 in government
2002 42,338
0.75% (#7)
0 / 386
 48 extra-parliamentary
2006 838
0.02%
0 / 386
 0 extra-parliamentary
2010 381
0.01%
0 / 386
 0 extra-parliamentary
2014 7,426
0.16% (#15)
0 / 199
 0 extra-parliamentary
2018 1,580
0.03%
0 / 199
 0 extra-parliamentary

1FKGP was a member of the Communist-led Hungarian Independence People's Front (MFN). Hungary became a one-party state after the 1949 election.

Notes
  1. ATV. "Visszatért a Független Kisgazdapárt".
  2. Nordsieck, Wolfram (2002). "Hungary". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 7 February 2005. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
  3. Jürgen Dieringer (2009). Das Politische System der Republik Ungarn: Entstehung – Entwicklung – Europäisierung. Verlag Barbara Budrich. pp. 116–121.
  4. Philipp Karl (2018). Analyse der ungarischen Parteien Jobbik und Fidesz: Erklärungsansätze für ihren Aufschwung. Tectum Wissenschaftsverlag. p. 48.
  5. Laar, M. (2009). "The Power of Freedom. Central and Eastern Europe after 1945." Centre for European Studies, p. 38. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-11-11. Retrieved 2012-04-05.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. https://magyarnarancs.hu/belpol/a-fuggetlen-kisgazdapart-is-csatlakozna-a-miep-es-a-mi-hazank-mozgalom-egyuttmukodesehez-117506
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