FASER experiment

FASER (ForwArd Search ExpeRiment) is planned to be one of the eight particle physics experiments at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. It is designed to both search for new light and weakly coupled elementary particles, and to study the interactions of high-energy neutrinos.

Large Hadron Collider
(LHC)
LHC experiments
ATLASA Toroidal LHC Apparatus
CMSCompact Muon Solenoid
LHCbLHC-beauty
ALICEA Large Ion Collider Experiment
TOTEMTotal Cross Section, Elastic Scattering and Diffraction Dissociation
LHCfLHC-forward
MoEDALMonopole and Exotics Detector At the LHC
FASERForwArd Search ExpeRiment
LHC preaccelerators
p and PbLinear accelerators for protons (Linac 2) and Lead (Linac 3)
(not marked)Proton Synchrotron Booster
PSProton Synchrotron
SPSSuper Proton Synchrotron

The experiment is planned to be located in the service tunnel TI12, which is 480 m downstream from the interaction point used by the ATLAS experiment. This tunnel was formerly used to inject the beam from the SPS into the LEP accelerator, but does currently not host any LHC infrastructure. In this location, the FASER experiment is placed into an intense and highly collimated beam of both neutrinos as well as possible new particles. Additionally, it is shielded from ATLAS by about 100 meters of rock and concrete, providing a low background environment. The FASER experiment was approved in 2019 and will start taking data in 2021.[1][2]

New physics searches

The primary goal of the FASER experiment is to search for new light and weakly interacting particles, that have not been discovered yet, such as dark photons, axion-like particles and sterile neutrinos.[3][4] If these particles are sufficiently light, they can be produced in rare decays of hadrons. Such particles will therefore be dominantly produced in the forward direction along the collision axis, forming a highly collimated beam, and can inherit a large fraction of the LHC proton beam energy. Additionally, due to their small couplings to the standard model particles and large boosts, these particles are long-lived and can easily travel hundreds of meters without interacting before they decay to standard model particles. These decays lead to a spectacular signal, the appearance of highly energetic particles, which FASER aims to detect.

Neutrino physics

The LHC is the highest energy particle collider built so far, and therefore also the source of the most energetic neutrinos created in a controlled laboratory environment. Collisions at the LHC lead to a large flux of high-energy neutrinos of all flavours, which are highly collimated around the beam collision axis and stream through the FASER location. The dedicated sub-detector FASERν is designed to detect these neutrinos.[5] It will record and study thousands of neutrino interactions, which allows to measure neutrino cross sections at TeV energies where they are currently unconstrained.

Detector
Layout of the FASER detector

Located at the front end of FASER is the FASERν neutrino detector. It consists of many layers of emulsion films interleaved with tungsten plates as target material for neutrino interactions. Behind FASERν and at the entrance to the main detector is a charged particle veto consisting of plastic scintillators.[6][7] This is followed by a 1.5 meter long empty decay volume and a 2 meter long spectrometer, which are placed in a 0.55 T magnetic field. The spectrometer consists of three tracking stations, composed of layers of precision silicon strip detectors, to detect charged particles produced in the decay of long-lived particles. Located at the end is an electromagnetic calorimeter.

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gollark: That is MUCH harder.
gollark: I was, frankly, surprised.
gollark: It's amazing how many there are.

References
  1. "FASER: CERN approves new experiment to look for long-lived, exotic particles". CERN. Retrieved 2019-12-19.
  2. "FASER's new detector expected to catch first collider neutrino". CERN. Retrieved 2019-12-19.
  3. Feng, Jonathan L.; Galon, Iftah; Kling, Felix; Trojanowski, Sebastian (2018-02-05). "FASER: ForwArd Search ExpeRiment at the LHC". Physical Review D. 97 (3): 035001. arXiv:1708.09389. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.97.035001. ISSN 2470-0010.
  4. Ariga et al. (FASER Collaboration) (2019-05-15). "FASER's Physics Reach for Long-Lived Particles". Physical Review D. 99 (9): 095011. arXiv:1811.12522. Bibcode:2019PhRvD..99i5011A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.99.095011. ISSN 2470-0010.
  5. Abreu et al. (FASER collaboration) (2020). "Detecting and Studying High-Energy Collider Neutrinos with FASER at the LHC". The European Physical Journal C. 80 (1): 61. arXiv:1908.02310. Bibcode:2020EPJC...80...61A. doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-7631-5.
  6. Ariga et al. (FASER Collaboration) (2018-11-26). "Letter of Intent for FASER: ForwArd Search ExpeRiment at the LHC". arXiv:1811.10243 [physics.ins-det].
  7. Ariga et al. (FASER Collaboration) (2018-12-21). "Technical Proposal for FASER: ForwArd Search ExpeRiment at the LHC". arXiv:1812.09139 [physics.ins-det].

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