Exostoma

Exostoma is a genus of sisorid catfishes native to Asia. These species are distributed in the Brahmaputra drainage of northeast India, and east and south to the Salween drainages in Burma. E. berdmorei is found in the Sittang and Salween drainages in Burma.[1] E. labiatum is known from the Brahmaputra drainage in northeast India, but has also been recorded in the Salween drainage in Burma, the Ayeyarwady drainage in China, and the Brahmaputra drainage in Tibet and Burma.[1][2] E. stuarti is from the Ayeyarwady River of Burma and India; however, it has not been collected since its original discovery.[1][3] E. labiatum is found in mountain rapids.[2]

Exostoma
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Siluriformes
Family: Sisoridae
Tribe: Glyptosternina
Genus: Exostoma
Blyth, 1860
Type species
Exostoma berdmorei
Blyth, 1860

In a 2007 checklist of sisorid and erethistid catfishes, Thomson lists E. stuarti and E. vinciguerrae as valid species.[1] In a 2007 checklist of catfishes, Ferraris lists these two species as species inquerendae, noting that these species are either treated as valid or as synonyms of E. labiatum.[4]

Species

There are currently 9 recognized species in this genus:

  • Exostoma barakensis Vishwanath & H. Joyshree, 2007
  • Exostoma berdmorei Blyth, 1860
  • Exostoma effrenum H. H. Ng & Vidthayanon, 2014 [5]
  • Exostoma labiatum (McClelland, 1842)
  • Exostoma peregrinator H. H. Ng & Vidthayanon, 2014 [5]
  • Exostoma sawmteai Lalramliana, Lalronunga, Lalnuntluanga & H. H. Ng, 2015 [6]
  • Exostoma stuarti (Hora, 1923)
  • Exostoma tenuicaudata Tamang, Sinha & Gurumayum, 2015 [7]
  • Exostoma vinciguerrae Regan, 1905

Description

Exostoma is distinguished by having a continuous groove behind the lips (post-labial groove), the gill openings not extending onto the underside (venter), homodont dentition of oar-shaped, distally flattened teeth in both jaws, the tooth patches separated in upper jaw, and 10–11 branched pectoral rays.[1] The head is depressed with a broadly rounded snout. The body is elongate and flattened ventrally to the pelvic fins. The eyes are minute, dorsally located, and under the skin (subcutaenous). The lips are thick, fleshy, and papillated. The teeth are small to large, moveable, oar-shaped, flattened distally and directed posteriorly in distinct patches.[1]

E. stuarti is recorded to grow to 5.6 centimetres (2.2 in) SL.[3] E. berdmorei and E. labiatum grow to about 10–11 cm (3.94–4.33 in) TL.[8][2]

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References
  1. Thomson, A.W. & Page, L.M. (2006). "Genera of the Asian Catfish Families Sisoridae and Erethistidae (Teleostei: Siluriformes)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1345: 1–96.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  2. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2015). "Exostoma labiatum" in FishBase. October 2015 version.
  3. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2015). "Exostoma stuarti" in FishBase. October 2015 version.
  4. Ferraris, C.J.Jr. (2007). "Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1418: 1–628.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  5. Ng, H.H. & Vidthayanon, C. (2014): A review of the glyptosternine catfish genus Exostoma Blyth 1860 from Thailand, with descriptions of two new species (Teleostei: Siluriformes). Zootaxa, 3869 (4): 420–434.
  6. Lalramliana, Lalronunga, S., Lalnuntluanga & Ng, H.H. (2015): Exostoma sawmteai, a new sisorid catfish from northeast India (Teleostei: Sisoridae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 26 (1): 59-64.
  7. Tamang, L., Sinha, B. & Gurumayum, S.D. (2015): Exostoma tenuicaudata, a new species of glyptosternine catfish (Siluriformes: Sisoridae) from the upper Brahmaputra drainage, northeastern India. Zootaxa, 4048 (3): 441–445.
  8. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2015). "Exostoma berdmorei" in FishBase. October 2015 version.
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