Exclusive economic zone of Brazil

The Blue Amazon (Portuguese: A Amazônia Azul) or Brazilian maritime territory (Portuguese: território marítimo brasileiro) is the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of Brazil. It is an offshore area of 3.6 million square km on the Brazilian coast, rich in marine biodiversity and energy resources.[1][2] The size is equivalent to the surface of the Amazon rainforest. The name is a reference to the biologically rich region of the Brazilian Amazon, with the addition of the adjective blue denoting the ocean.

Brazil's Exclusive Economic Zone
Brazil - EEZ and continental shelf

The area may be expanded to 4.4 million square kilometres in view of the Brazilian claim that was submitted to the United Nations Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) in 2004.[3] It is proposed to extend Brazil's continental shelf to 900 thousand square kilometers of marine soil and subsoil, which the country will be able to explore.[4] With the extension, the area will become more contiguous, including the areas of Brazilian archipelagos in the South Atlantic . The region with the largest Blue Amazon is the Northeast, due to the existence of several islands that are well spaced from each other in a contiguous marine zone (the island of Trindade is too far from the coast for the same to occur).

Economic potential

This region has many riches and potential for various types of economic use:

  • Fishing, due to the enormous diversity of marine species that reside in this region.
  • Metallic minerals and other mineral resources in the seabed;
  • Enormous biodiversity of marine species that reside in this region.
  • Oil, as found in the Campos Basin and in the Pre-salt layer (Campos Basin, Santos Basin and Espírito Santo Basin - prospecting in these areas already accounts for two million barrels of oil per day, 90% of the current Brazilian production );
  • Use of tidal energy and wind energy on the high seas or offshore.

History

With the entry into force of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCR) in 1995, and in accordance with its provisions, by which rocks without permanent human occupation do not give the right to the establishment of an Exclusive Economic Zone , aiming to explore, to conserve and manage the resources of the region, Brazil - which already occupied the archipelago of Trindade and Martin Vaz, now also occupies the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago. This decision elevated them to the status of an archipelago, allowing the country to expand its EEZ by 450 thousand square kilometers, an area equivalent to the Brazilian state of Bahia.[5]

Geography
EEZArea (km2)[6]
 Brazil2,570,917
Fernando de Noronha363 362
St Paul and St. Peter Archipelago413 636
Trindade & Martim Vaz Isl.468 599
Total3,830,955
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References
  1. Wiesebron, Marianne (Jan–Jun 2013). "Blue Amazon: Thinking The Defense of The Brazilian Maritime Territory". Austral: Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations. 2 (3): .101-124. Retrieved 20 December 2017.CS1 maint: date format (link)
  2. Ortiz, Fabiola. "The Blue Amazon, Brazil's New Natural Resources Frontier". Inter Press Service. Inter Press Service News Agency. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
  3. UN Continental Shelf and UNCLOS Article 76: Brazilian Submission
  4. Gonçalves, J. B. - Direitos Brasileiros de Zona Econômica Exclusiva...
  5. Ilhas do Brasil: O Brasil além das 200 milhas. O Globo, 12 de outubro de 2008, p. 59.
  6. See Around Us Project (n.d.). "Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ)". Retrieved 3 June 2015. EEZ waters of: Brazil 2,570,917 km², Fernando de Noronha 363,362 km², St Paul and St. Peter Archipelago 413,636 km², Trindade & Martim Vaz Isl. 468,599 km²
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