Euphagus

Euphagus
	Male Brewer's blackbird
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Icteridae
Genus:	Euphagus; Cassin, 1867
Species
	E. carolinus; E. cyanocephalus

Euphagus is a small genus of American blackbirds. It contains two extant species: Brewer's blackbird, Euphagus cyanocephalus, and rusty blackbird E. carolinus.[1] A prehistoric relative, Euphagus magnirostris, is known from Late Pleistocene fossils found in the famous tar seeps of Rancho La Brea, California.[2]

The living species are very similar medium-sized birds. Adult males have mainly black plumage and a bright yellow eye; females are dark gray-brown.

Extant Species

Image	Scientific name	Common Name	Distribution
	Euphagus cyanocephalus	Brewer's blackbird	United States, Canada
	E. carolinus	rusty blackbird	United States, Canada, Mexico

Description

Both are migratory, wintering in the southern United States and Mexico, although some Brewer's blackbirds are present all year in the western US.

They build cup nests, and the female alone incubates the eggs. They are gregarious outside the breeding season.

Both species feed on seeds and insects, the rusty having a particularly high insect component to its diet. The fortunes of the two species are contrasting, with Brewer's expanding east in the Great Lakes region, while rusty shows a worrying decline in numbers.

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References

"ITIS Report: Euphagus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
Miller, Alden H. (January 1947). "A New Genus of Icterid from Rancho La Brea" (PDF). The Condor. 49 (1): 22–24. doi:10.2307/1364424. JSTOR 1364424.

Jaramillo, Alvaro & Burke, Peter (1999): New World Blackbirds. Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 0-7136-4333-1

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[ITIS-1] "ITIS Report: Euphagus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 4 January 2017.

[Miller-2] Miller, Alden H. (January 1947). "A New Genus of Icterid from Rancho La Brea" (PDF). The Condor. 49 (1): 22–24. doi:10.2307/1364424. JSTOR 1364424.