Euonymus atropurpureus

Euonymus atropurpureus is a species of shrub in the bittersweet family. It has the common names American wahoo, eastern wahoo, burningbush,[2] and hearts bursting with love.[3] It is native to eastern North America.

Euonymus atropurpureus

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Celastrales
Family: Celastraceae
Genus: Euonymus
Species:
E. atropurpureus
Binomial name
Euonymus atropurpureus
Generalized natural range of Euonymus atropurpureus

Distribution and habitat

This species is primarily found in the Midwestern United States, but its range extends from southern Ontario south to northern Florida and Texas.[4][5][6] It grows in low meadows, open slopes, open woodland, stream banks and prairies, in moist soils, especially thickets, valleys, and forest edges.[6]

Description

It is a deciduous shrub growing to 8 m tall, with stems up to 10 cm diameter. The bark is gray, smooth, and lightly fissured. The twigs are dark purplish-brown, slender, sometimes four-angled or slightly winged. The leaves are opposite, elliptical, 8.5–11.3 cm long and 3.2–5.5 cm broad, abruptly long pointed at the tip, and with a finely serrated margin; they are green above, paler and often with fine hairs beneath, and turn bright red in the fall. The flowers are bisexual, 10–12 mm diameter, with four greenish sepals, four brown-purple petals and four stamens; they are produced in small axillary cymes. The fruit is a smooth reddish to pink four-lobed (sometimes one or more of the lobes abort) capsule, up to 17 mm diameter, each lobe containing a single seed, orange with a fleshy red aril.

Uses

The fruit is poisonous to humans, but is eaten by several species of birds, which disperse the seeds in their droppings. It is used medicinally in both the United States and southeastern Canada. The powdered bark was used by American Indians and pioneers as a purgative.[7] "Wahoo" was the indigenous peoples' name for the plant.[8]

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References
  1. Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI).; IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. (2018). "Euonymus atropurpureus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T135956865A135956867. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T135956865A135956867.en. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  2. Weakley, Alan S. "Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States".
  3. Nelson, Lewis S.; Shih, Richard D.; Balick, Michael J. (2009). Handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. New York Botanical Garden. p. 159.
  4. Little Jr., Elbert L. (1977). "Euonymus atropurpureus" (PDF). Digital Representations of Tree Species Range Maps from "Atlas of United States Trees" by Elbert L. Little, Jr. (and other publications). United States Geological Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-18.
  5. "Euonymus atropurpureus". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  6. Ma, Jinshuang; Moore, Gerry. "Euonymus atropurpureus" (PDF). United States Forest Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-06-16. Retrieved 2007-11-26.
  7. "Euonymus atropurpureus". Plants for a Future.
  8. Little, Elbert L. (1980). The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Eastern Region. New York: Knopf. p. 567. ISBN 0-394-50760-6.
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