Ermengard of Italy

Ermengard of Italy, also Ermengarda, Ermengarde, or Irmingard (852/855 – 897) was a queen and regent of Provence. She was the only surviving daughter of Louis II, Holy Roman Emperor.

Life

Born in around 852, she was the daughter of Louis II. In 855, Emperor Lothair I died, and her father became Holy Roman Emperor.

In 876, she married Boso, a Frankish nobleman who was related to the Carolingian dynasty[1] and who rose to become King of Lower Burgundy and Provence in 879.

In May 878, she and her husband sheltered Pope John VIII, who was taking refuge from the Saracens, in Arles. After her husband's coup d'état in October 879, she helped defend his cities from her Carolingian relatives. In 880, she successfully defended Vienne itself, the capital, from the combined forces of Charles the Fat and the co-ruling kings of France, Louis III and Carloman. In August 881, the newly crowned Emperor Charles the Fat pillaged and burned Vienne, forcing Ermengard and her children to take refuge in Autun with her brother-in-law Richard, Duke of Burgundy. Meanwhile, Boso fled into Provence.

On Boso's death in January 887, the Provençal barons elected Ermengard to act as his regent, with the support of Richard. In May, Ermengard travelled with her son Louis to the court of Charles the Fat, and received his recognition of the young Louis as king. Charles adopted Louis as his son and put both mother and son under his protection. In May 889, she travelled to Charles' successor, Arnulf, to make submission anew.

Through her marriage to Boso, it is thought that Ermengard had two daughters and a son These were:

• Ermengarde/Ermengard (c. 877-April 12, 935), married Manasses I the Old, Count of Chalons-sur-Seine (Chalon-sur-Saône?); her mother is reported to have been Ermengard
• Engelberge/Ethelberga, married firstly Carloman II, secondly William the Pious;[2] her mother is reported to have been Ermengard
• Louis the Blind (before 884-June 5, 928), was betrothed to, and had a relationship with but possibly never married Anna/Eudocia Mamikonian, the illegitimate daughter of Zoe Zaoutzaina by Constantine VII.[lower-alpha 1] Later, he married Adelaide of Burgundy, the daughter of Rudolph I of Burgundy and his half-sister Guilla of Provence.[lower-alpha 2]

Ermengard died on 2 June 896 in Vienne, then part of the Frankish Empire, and was buried in the town's first Cathedral of Saint-Maurice. Her husband had been buried in the same cathedral in 887.[3]

Notes

1. A letter attributed to Nicholas Mystikos by Christian Settipani mentions negotiations to betroth the second daughter to Louis the Blind. Whether negotiations were ever completed and whether the marriage ever occurred is not known. However Settipani and other genealogists consider Charles Constantine of Vienne to be the result of this marriage.
2. Although sometimes said to be the daughter Ermengard, Guilla of Provence was born before Ermengard's marriage to Boso; this makes it likely that she was Boso's daughter by his first wife

References

1. Bouchard 1988, p. 407–431.
2. Riche 2012, p. table XII (Bosonides). sfn error: no target: CITEREFRiche2012 (help)
3. Vienne Cathedral Accessed 8 February 2015.

Sources

• Bouchard, Constance Brittain (Spring 1988). "The Bosonids or Rising to Power in the Late Carolingian Age". French Historical Studies (3 ed.). Society for French Historical Studies]. 15.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Riché, Pierre (2012). Les Carolingiens: Une famille qui fit l'Europe (in French). Hachette littérature.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)