Emperor Go-Saga

Emperor Go-Saga (後嵯峨天皇, Go-Saga-tennō, 1 April 1220 – 17 March 1272) was the 88th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. This reign spanned the years 1242 through 1246.[1]

Go-Saga
Go-Saga, Tenshi Sekkan Miei
Emperor of Japan
Reign21 February 1242 – 16 February 1246
Coronation19 April 1242
PredecessorShijō
SuccessorGo-Fukakusa
Born1 April 1220
Died17 March 1272(1272-03-17) (aged 51)
Daikaku-ji (大覚寺), Heian-kyō
Burial
Saga no minami no Misasagi (Kyoto)
SpouseFujiwara no Kitsushi
IssueEmperor Go-Fukakusa
Princess Osako
Emperor Kameyama
Prince Masataka
Prince Sadayoshi
Prince Munetaka
Prince Kakujo Hoshinnō
HouseYamato
FatherEmperor Tsuchimikado
MotherMinamoto no Michiko

This 13th-century sovereign was named after the 8th-century Emperor Saga and go- (後), translates literally as "later"; and thus, he is sometimes called the "Later Emperor Saga". The Japanese word go has also been translated to mean the "second one;" and in some older sources, this emperor may be identified as "Saga, the second", or as "Saga II",

Genealogy

Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (his imina) was Kunihito-shinnō (邦仁親王).[2]

He was the second son of Emperor Tsuchimikado, and second cousin of his predecessor Emperor Shijō.

  • Empress: Saionji (Fujiwara) no Yoshi-ko (西園寺（藤原）姞子)[3] Later Ōmiya-in (大宮院), Saionji Saneuji’s daughter
    • Fourth son: Imperial Prince Hisahito (久仁親王) later Emperor Go-Fukakusa
    • First daughter: Imperial Princess Osako (綜子内親王; 1247-1269）later Gekkamon-in (月華門院)[4]
    • Seventh son: Imperial Prince Tsunehito (恒仁親王) later Emperor Kameyama
    • Eleventh son: Imperial Prince Masataka (雅尊親王; 1254-1256)[4]
    • Thirteenth son: Imperial Prince Sadayoshi (貞良親王; 1256-1260)[4]
    • Princess (b.1260)
  • Consort: Imperial Princess Taishi (体子内親王; 1231-1302) later Shinsenmon’in (神仙門院), Emperor Go-Horikawa’s daughter
    • Princess (d.1281)
  • Court Lady: Saionji (Fujiwara) Kimiko (西園寺（藤原）公子), Saionji Kintsune's daughter
    • Son: Imperial Prince Priest jijo (慈助法親王; 1254-1295）
    • Daughter: Imperial Princess Etsuko (悦子内親王; 1260-1332）later Enseimon’in (延政門院)
  • Handmaid?: Fujiwara Hiroko (藤原博子), Fujiwara Takatoki's daughter
    • Eighth son: Imperial Prince Priest Kakujo (覚助法親王; 1247-1336)[4]
    • Princess
    • Sixth daughter: Imperial Princess Ekishi (懌子内親王; 1262-1294) later Gojo’in (五条院)
  • Court Lady: Fujiwara Fujiko (藤原藤子), Shijo Takahira's daughter
    • Son: Imperial Prince Priest Saijo (最助法親王; 1253-1293）
  • Court Lady: Mikushige-dono (御匣殿), Sanjo Kinfusa's daughter
    • Son: Imperial Prince Priest Chujo (忠助法親王; d.1290)
    • Sixth Son: Imperial Prince Priest Shōjo (性助法親王; 1247-1282）
  • Court Lady: Anegakoji Saneyo's daughter
    • Son: Imperial Prince Priest Jōjo (浄助法親王; 1253-1280）
  • Court Lady: Emontoku-no-tsubone (右衛門督局), Ichijo Yoshiyasu's daughter
    • Son: Imperial Prince Priest Enjo (円助法親王; 1236-1282）
  • Court Lady: Nijo-no-Tsubone (二条局), Fujiwara Toshimori's daughter
    • Second Daughter: Imperial Princess Yasuko (愷子内親王; 1249-1284）
  • Court Lady: Ichijo-dono-no-tsubone (一条殿局), Fujiwara no Kanefusa’s daughter
    • Son: Imperial Prince Priest Nin’e (仁恵法親王; 1244-1298）
  • Court Lady: Dainagon-no-Tsubone (大納言局), Nakanoin Michikata's daughter
    • Prince (1243)
  • Court Lady: Kujō Yoshihira's daughter
  • Court Lady: Minamoto no Yorimasa's granddaughter
    • Priest Shojo
  • Court Lady: Fujiwara clan's descendant
    • Second Son: Kōhō Ken'nichi (高峰顕日; 1241-1316)

Events of Go-Saga's life

He ruled from 21 February 1242, to 16 February 1246.

When Emperor Tsuchimikado moved to Tosa Province (on Shikoku), he was raised by his mother's side of the family.

Because of the sudden death of Emperor Shijō at the age of 10, the question of succession arose. Because the expectations of the court nobility and the Bakufu conflicted, the issue was bitterly contested. Kujō Michiie and the court nobility supported Prince Tadanari (忠成王), a son of Retired Emperor Juntoku, but the shikken Hōjō Yasutoki was opposed to the sons of Juntoku because of his involvement in the Jōkyū War. Michiie instead supported Tsuchimikado's son Prince Kunihito as a neutral figure for Emperor. During these negotiations, there was a vacancy on the throne of 11 days.

  • 11 February 1242 (Ninji 3, 10th day of the 1st month): In the 10th year of Shijō-tennō 's reign (四条天皇10年), the emperor died suddenly; and despite a dispute over who should follow him as sovereign, contemporary scholars then construed that the succession (senso)[6] was received by the second son of former Emperor Tsuchimikado.[7]
  • 19 April 1242 (Ninji 3, 18th day of the 3th month): Emperor Go-Saga is said to have acceded to the throne (sokui).[8]

In 1242, Prince Kunihito became emperor. In 1246 he abdicated to his son, Emperor Go-Fukakusa, beginning his reign as cloistered emperor. In 1259, he compelled Emperor Go-Fukakusa to abdicate to his younger brother, Emperor Kameyama. Imperial Prince Munetaka became shōgun instead of the Hōjō regents. Henceforth, the shōguns of the Kamakura Bakufu came from the imperial house. Still, the Hōjō regents increased their control of the shogunate, setting up the system of rule by regents.

The descendants of his two sons contested the throne between them, forming into two lines, the Jimyōin-tō (Go-Fukakusa's descendants) and the Daikakuji-tō (Kameyama's descendants). Their lines would eventually lead to the split between the Northern and Southern Courts.

Memorial Shinto-Buddhist temple and mausoleum honoring Empress Go-Saga

In 1272, Go-Saga died.

Go-Saga's final resting place is designated as an Imperial mausoleum (misasagi) at Saa no minami no Misasagi at Tenryū-ji in Kyoto.[9]

Kugyō

Kugyō (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras. Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.

In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Go-Saga's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan included:

Eras of Go-Saga's reign

The years of Go-saga's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengō.[10]

gollark: Predicting which box I'll take effectively means running a high accuracy simulation of me. Thus, since I may be being simulated when I choose, my choice does affect the (eventual) box content, thus take one box.
gollark: No. I've thought about this.
gollark: Oh, lyric, heard of Newcomb's paradox?
gollark: In that case it's essentially "pick the both cooperating reward or pick the both defecting reward".
gollark: I guess if you *know* both will make the same decision, sure.

See also

Notes
Japanese Imperial kamon — a stylized chrysanthemum blossom
  1. Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, pp. 245–247; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki. pp. 228–231.
  2. Titsingh, p. 245; Varley, p.228.
  3. Fortunes of Emperors
  4. Emergence of Japanese Kingship, p5
  5. Taira no Muneko is from 'The Changing of the Shogun 1289: An Excerpt from Towazugatari', The Journal of the Association of Teachers of Japanese, Vol. , No. 1, Tenth Anniversary Issue, (Nov., 1972), pp. 58–65
  6. Varley, p. 44; n.b., a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami.
  7. Titsingh, pp. 244–245; Varley, p. 228.
  8. Titsingh, p. 245; Varley, p. 44.
  9. Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, p. 423.
  10. Titsingh, p. 245.

References
  • Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 194887
  • Titsingh, Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652], Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.
  • Varley, H. Paul , ed. (1980). [ Kitabatake Chikafusa, 1359], Jinnō Shōtōki (A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-04940-4
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Emperor Shijō		 Emperor of Japan:
Go-Saga
1242–1246		 Succeeded by
Emperor Go-Fukakusa
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