Elwood Mead

Elwood Mead (January 16, 1858 – January 26, 1936) was a professor, politician and engineer, known for heading the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) from 1924 until his death in 1936. During his tenure, he oversaw some of the most complex projects the Bureau of Reclamation has undertaken. These included the Hoover, Grand Coulee and Owyhee dams.

Elwood Mead in 1928

Early life and career

Mead was born in Patriot, Indiana, and graduated from Purdue with a Bachelor of Science in 1882. He worked for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in Indianapolis for seven months and departed for Fort Collins, Colorado, by the end of the year.

There he started work as a professor by teaching mathematics at Colorado Agricultural College from 1883 until 1884, and again from 1886 to 1888. He developed and taught the first class on irrigation engineering in the United States. Mead also worked for the Colorado State Engineer's Office.[1][2]

Public service

Elwood Mead portrait

In 1888, Mead became the territorial and state engineer of Wyoming. From 1888 until 1899, he was key in drafting the water laws for Wyoming. He was also a key supporter of the Cody Canal, one of the nation's first Carey Act projects undertaken by a group of investors, including William F. Cody.[3]

In 1899, Mead was appointed head of irrigation investigations for the U.S. Department of Agriculture, based out of Cheyenne. There he had an important role of directing irrigation studies across the west.

In 1907, Mead was appointed Chairman of the State Rivers and Water Supply Commission of Victoria, Australia. He served there for four years, though the Australian records show that he continued to work there until May, 1915.

In 1911, he returned to the United States to become the professor of Rural Institutions, University of California, and chairman of the California Land Settlement Board. His ideas about developing efficient rural communities would later influence what would become the Resettlement Administration communities of the New Deal.

Elwood Mead

He continued to serve in California until 1924, when he was appointed Chairman of the Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) by President Calvin Coolidge's administration. In 1923 and again in 1927, he went to Palestine to help the Zionists develop irrigation and development plans.[4] At the USBR, Mead oversaw the planning and execution of construction of major water control and irrigation projects in the West: the Hoover, Grand Coulee and Owyhee dams.[5]

Mead died on January 26, 1936, at the age of 78 in Washington, D.C., from thrombosis, just four months after the completion of Boulder Dam. Originally interred at Abbey Mausoleum, he was reburied at National Memorial Park in Falls Church, Virginia, in 2001 after the former crypt closed and was demolished.

Legacy and honors

Lake Mead, formed by the construction of the Hoover Dam on the Colorado River, was named after Mead.[6] He is also the namesake to the SS Elwood Mead, a Liberty ship which was launched in 1944.

See also

• National Irrigation Congress

References

1. "Commissioners of Reclamation". Retrieved October 21, 2014.
2. Kluger, James (1992). Turning on Water with a Shovel: the career of Elwood Mead. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
3. Bonner, Robert (2007). William F. Cody's Wyoming empire: the Buffalo Bill nobody knows. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 318. ISBN 978-0-8061-3829-9.
4. "AN AMERICAN IN PALESTINE: ELWOOD MEAD AND ZIONIST WATER RESOURCE PLANNING, 1923-1936". Archived from the original on May 17, 2006. Retrieved December 4, 2005.
5. "Dr. Elwood Mead Commissioner of Bureau of Reclamation 1924-1936 - Lake Mead NRA". Retrieved December 4, 2005.
6. Federal Writers' Project (1941). Origin of Place Names: Nevada (PDF). W.P.A. p. 16.

External links

• J. M. Powell, "Mead, Elwood (1858-1936)", Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 10, Melbourne University Press, 1986, pp 467–468.