Eliteserien play-offs

The Eliteserien, until 1991 known as the 1. divisjon and between 1991 and 2016 known as Tippeligaen, has employed a system of play-off qualification to determine promotion and relegation with the 1. divisjon (until 1991 the 2. divisjon). Various varieties have been in place since the system was introduced at the end of the 1972 season, but only one team has been promoted per year. The play-offs have always supplemented a system of direct promotion and relegation of two teams. The play-offs have been wavered twice, in the 1994 and 2011 seasons, when the top league was expanded to fourteen and sixteen teams, respectively.

The 2008 return match between Bodø/Glimt and Odd Grenland at Aspmyra Stadion. Bodø/Glimt won the match 3–2, securing 4–2 overall and becoming the first team since 2000 to advance to the top league via the play-off.

Sogndal have participated nine times, more than any other team. Start (four times) and Stabæk (twice) are the only teams to have participated more than once and always won. The least successful teams who have participated three times or more and never won the tournament are Pors (four times), Sandefjord and Ull/Kisa (both three times). Teams from the top league have participated 35 times, and have succeeded at retaining their place in 20 occasions.

Format

Play-offs were introduced in the 1972, when the 1. divisjon was expanded from ten to twelve teams. The 2. divisjon consisted of two conferences, and the winners of each conference were promoted directly. The runners-up met the winner of a conference from Northern Norway, with the three teams playing a single round-robin to determine the third and final promotion spot. Three teams were relegated from the 1. divisjon. This system remained for seven years, before the separate conferences for Northern Norway were abolished. From 1979 the play-offs were played as a two-tier match between the two conference runners-up, a system which was used for two seasons.

From 1981 the system returned to a three-team single round robin, although this time the two 2. divisjon runners-up met the team finishing tenth in the 1. divisjon. The format remained for thirteen years, with six top level teams succeeding in retaining their place. No play-off was played in 1994, as the top flight was increased to fourteen teams and both the winners and runners-up of both 1. divisjon conferences were promoted, while only two top flight teams were relegated.

From 1995 the play-off solely involved a two-tier match between the runners-up of the 1. divisjon conferences, with three teams from the top flight meeting relegation. This system remained for two years, before 1997, when the 1. divisjon was merged to a single conference. For twelve years the play-off was played as a two-tier game between the team finishing twelfth in the top flight and the team finishing third in the 1. divisjon. In this period the top level teams defended their positions nine times, including every year from 2001 through 2006.

From 2009 the play-off has been played as a knock-out tournament. The first two years saw the teams ranked three through five in the 1. divisjon meet the team ranked twelfth in the top flight in a two-round knock-out, with a single match in the first round and double match in the second round. In 2009 the top flight was extended to sixteen teams: three teams were promoted and only one relegated. In 2011, no play-off was carried out. From 2012 the play-offs returned as a three-round knock-out tournament. The teams ranked three to six in the 1. divisjon played each other in a two-round, single-match knock-out tournament, with the winner facing the fourteenth-placed top flight team in a two-legged decisive final.

By season

The following is a list of seasons, listing the winning team, the relegated team should the top level contestant fail to win, and teams failing to be promoted.

* Team from the top league
Season Winner Relegated Not promoted Ref
1972 Raufoss—Pors, Mo[1]
1973 Vålerengen—Bryne, Mjølner[2]
1974 Fredrikstad—Eidsvold Turn, Bodø/Glimt[3]
1975 Vard Haugesund—Odd, Bodø/Glimt[4]
1976 Bodø/Glimt—Lyn, Odd[5]
1977 Steinkjer—Odd, Mo[6]
1978 HamKam—Fredrikstad, Tromsø[7]
1979 Molde—Pors[8]
1980 Haugar—Mjøndalen[9]
1981 MoldeBrann*Pors[10]
1982 Eik-TønsbergFredrikstad*Steinkjer[11]
1983 StrindheimBrann*Pors[12]
1984 Moss*—HamKam, Vidar[13]
1985 TromsøMoss*Sogndal[14]
1986 Tromsø*—Drøbak/Frogn, Vidar[15]
1987 Djerv 1919HamKam*Lyn[16]
1988 StartBryne*HamKam[17]
1989 Vålerengen*—Djerv 1919, HamKam[18]
1990 Lillestrøm*—Bryne, Eik-Tønsberg[19]
1991 Brann*—Bryne, Strindheim[20]
1992 HamKam*—Drøbak/Frogn, Strømmen[21]
1993 StrømsgodsetMolde*Bryne[22]
1995 Strømsgodset—Sogndal[23]
1996 Sogndal—Odd Grenland[24]
1997 Tromsø*—Eik-Tønsberg[25]
1998 Kongsvinger*—Kjelsås[26]
1999 StartStrømsgodset*—[27]
2000 SogndalVålerenga*—[28]
2001 Bryne*—HamKam[29]
2002 Brann*—Sandefjord[30]
2003 Vålerenga*—Sandefjord[31]
2004 Bodø/Glimt*—Kongsvinger[32]
2005 Molde*—Moss[33]
2006 Odd Grenland*—Bryne[34]
2007 Bodø/GlimtOdd Grenland*—[35]
2008 Aalesund*—Sogndal[36]
2009 KongsvingerFredrikstad*Sogndal, Sarpsborg 08[37]
2010 FredrikstadHønefoss*Løv-Ham, Ranheim[38]
2012 Sandnes Ulf*—Sandefjord, Mjøndalen, Bodø/Glimt, Ullensaker/Kisa[39]
2013 Sarpsborg 08*—Ranheim, Mjøndalen, Hødd, HamKam[40]
2014 MjøndalenBrann*Bærum, Kristiansund, Fredrikstad[41]
2015 Start*—Jerv, Kristiansund, Hødd, Ranheim[42]
2016 Stabæk*—Jerv, Sandnes Ulf, Kongsvinger, Mjøndalen[43]
2017 RanheimSogndal*Mjøndalen, Sandnes Ulf, Ull/Kisa[44]
2018 Stabæk*—Aalesund, Sogndal, Ull/Kisa, Nest-Sotra[45]
2019 StartLillestrøm*KFUM Oslo, Kongsvinger, Sogndal[46]

By club

The following is a list of clubs which have participated, stating the municipality they are from and the number of seasons they have participated in the play-off. It further states the number of times and years the teams have won the play-off, been relegated and not been promoted.

* Team from the top division
Club Location Seasons No Years No Years No Years
Wins Relegations Not promoted
Sogndal Sogndal921996, 200012017*61985, 1995, 2008, 2009, 2018, 2019
HamKam Hamar821978, 1992*11987*51984, 1988, 1989, 2001, 2013
Bryne Time712001*11988*51973, 1990, 1991, 1993, 2006
Bodø/Glimt Bodø631976, 2004*, 20070—31974, 1975, 2012
Odd Skien612006*12007*41975, 1976, 1977, 1996
Mjøndalen Nedre Eiker6120140—51980, 2012, 2013, 2016, 2017
Fredrikstad Fredrikstad521974, 201021981*, 2009*11977
Brann Bergen521991*, 2002*31981*, 1983*, 2014*0—
Kongsvinger Kongsvinger521998*, 20090—32004, 2016, 2019
Start Kristiansand441988, 1999, 2015*, 20190—0—
Molde Molde431979, 1981, 2005*11993*0—
Vålerenga Oslo431973, 1989*, 2003*12000*0—
Tromsø Tromsø431985, 1986*, 1997*0—11978
Ranheim Trondheim4120170—32010, 2013, 2015
Pors Porsgrunn40—0—41972, 1979, 1981, 1983
Strømsgodset Drammen321993, 199511999*0—
Moss Moss311984*11985*12005
Eik-Tønsberg Tønsberg3119820—21990, 1997
Sandnes Ulf Sandnes312012*0—22016, 2017
Sandefjord Sandefjord30—0—32002, 2003, 2012
Ullensaker/Kisa Ullensaker30—0—32012, 2017, 2018
Stabæk Bærum222016*, 2018*0—0—
Lillestrøm Skedsmo211990*12019*0—
Steinkjer Steinkjer2119770—11982
Djerv 1919 Haugesund2119870—11989
Strindheim Trondheim2119830—11991
Sarpsborg 08 Sarpsborg212013*0—12009
Aalesund Ålesund212008*0—12018
Mo Rana20—0—21972, 1977
Vidar Stavanger20—0—21984, 1986
Lyn Oslo20—0—21976, 1987
Drøbak/Frogn Frogn20—0—21986, 1992
Hødd Ulsteinvik20—0—22013, 2015
Jerv Grimstad20—0—22015, 2016
Raufoss Vestre Toten1119720—0—
Vard Haugesund Haugesund1119750—0—
Haugar Haugesund1119800—0—
Hønefoss Ringerike10—12010*0—
Mjølner Harstad10—0—11973
Eidsvold Turn Eidsvoll10—0—11974
Strømmen Skedsmo10—0—11992
Kjelsås Oslo10—0—11998
Løv-Ham (defunct) Bergen10—0—12010
Nest-Sotra Sotra10—0—12018
KFUM Oslo Oslo10—0—12019
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gollark: Not really.
gollark: This is suboptimal.
gollark: It would undergo apionic recursion.
gollark: For safety reasons.

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