Eliane Montel

Eliane Montel (9 October 1898–24 January 1993) was a French physicist and chemist.

Eliane Montel
Born9 October 1898
Marseille, France
Died24 January 1993
Paris, France
NationalityFrench
Alma materÉcole Normale Supérieure de jeunes filles de Sèvres
Known forworks on radioactivity
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics, Chemistry, Radioactivity
InstitutionsESPCI, Collège de France, Institut du radium

Family

Montel was born on 9 October 1898, in Marseille,[1] to a merchant named Jakob Nerval Montel, and Eva Esther Fitt. She spent her childhood between Marseille and Montpellier.

During the 1920s, Montel had a love affair with French physicist Paul Langevin. Their son, Paul-Gilbert Langevin, was born on 5 July 1933 in Boulogne-Billancourt.

Early years

Montel graduated in 1919 and was a student in sciences at the Ecole Normale Supérieure de jeunes filles de Sèvres.[2] She went on to teach science to young girls, and graduated at the agrégation competition in 1923.[3]

Professional career

In 1926, she began to work as voluntary help in the Curie laboratory at the Institut du radium, under Langevin's recommendations, then as a free worker the next year.[4] She published her work Sur la pénétration du polonium dans le plomb in the Journal de physique.[5] While working at Frédéric Joliot-Curie's laboratory at the Collège de France, she acted as a political and scientific intermediary between Langevin and Joliot-Curie, who had been Langevin's former student.

Following her work in the laboratory, she became a physics teacher at a high school in 1929–30.[6] In 1930, Montel obtained a Rothschild scholarship for 1930–1931 through the support of Marie Curie. However, Montel was forced to discontinue her research in order to care for her mother and was not able to complete her research within the year.[7] In 1931–32, she worked as a researcher at the ESPCI, in Paul Langevin's laboratory. Montel stayed with him until he died, in 1946, visiting him while he was under house arrest in Troyes during World War II.[8]

After Langevin's death in 1946, she continued Langevin's research in the same laboratory under René Lucas's direction[9] and worked on gaseous ions mobility measures. She published Langevin's last work, which was realised during World War II when he was in house arrest, on "The device could manage to study the nature of ions and follow its formation and evolution, giving the mobility spectrum".[10] In the following years, she taught physics and chemistry in high school in Fontainebleau, near Paris, until her retirement in the 1960s.

In 1967, Montel attended the Curie laboratory former researchers dinner for Marie Curie's 100th birthday. In 1972, she worked on Langevin's 100th birthday commemoration, publishing texts in his memory in some periodicals and writing a personal text, Langevin et le rationalisme, le savant hors de la tour d'ivoire to be published in Scientia. She contributed material to a former text written in La technique moderne, in the 1930s.

In the 1970s and '80s, she became a close friend of history of religions specialist Jean-Paul Roux[11] and followed his teaching at the Ecole du Louvre.[12] She became interested in several subjects, including history of religions—Islam and Judaism in particular—history of art, archeology, the Far East, Egypt, Turkey, and Greece. When she was ninety years old, she visited Eastern countries with Roux, including Syria.

She died in Paris in 1992.

Works
  • On penetration of polonium in lead, Review of physics and radium, 1929.
  • Paul Langevin, the great masters of Science, Modern Technics, 1935.
  • On mobility and diffusion of ions, in Reports of the sessions from the French Academy of Sciences, 1939.[13]
  • On a new method to measure gaseous ions mobility, in Reports of the sessions from the French Academy of Sciences.[14]
  • Action of 204Tl and 90Sr β-rays on ordinary photographic records, with Ouang Te Tchao,[13] in Reports of the sessions from the French Academy of Sciences, 1946.
  • On the Paul Langevin analyzer for the research on gaseous ions mobility, with Ouang Te Tchao,[13] Review of physics and radium, 1949.
  • On a high sensibility monofilar electrometer, Review of physics and radium, 1954.[13]
  • A Tribute to Paul Langevin, with René Lucas, 1972.
  • Langevin and rationalism, the scientist outside the ivory tower, Scientia, 1973.
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See also

References
  1. "OPAC LORIS". doris.archives13.fr.
  2. "L'annuaire – a-Ulm". www.archicubes.ens.fr.
  3. Young girls secondary teaching, Monthly Review, 1920, p. 208.
  4. Archives du musée Curie. Fonds LC.MC.
  5. (in French) Pigeard-Micault, Natalie, The Curie's Lab and its Women (1906–1934), Annals of Science 70.1 (2013), p. 71-100.
  6. M. B Ogilvie and J. D. Harvey, The Biographical dictionnary of Women in Sciences, Taylor & Francis editions, 2000.
  7. Radium Institute Archives, cote LC.MC, piece 1732.
  8. B. Bensaude-Vincent, Langevin, science and awareness, Belin editions, 1987, p. 212.
  9. N. Pigeard-Micault, The Curie's Lab and its Women (1906–1934), Glyphe editions, 2013, p. 188-191.
  10. Paul Langevin, On an analyzer for the research on gaseous ions mobility, in Review of Physics and Radium, tome 10, 1949.
  11. Clio. "Jean-Paul Roux – Clio – Espace Culturel". www.clio.fr.
  12. "Références bibliographiques d'Eliane Montel-Langevin (1898–1992)". interdisciplinarite.blogspot.fr. 2015.
  13. "Travaux scientifiques d'Eliane Montel-Langevin (années 30 à 50)". interdisciplinarite.blogspot.fr. 2015.
  14. French Academy of Sciences, 1944, p. 391.
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