Egypt (album)

Egypt is a Grammy Award-winning album by the Senegalese musician Youssou N'Dour, on which he is accompanied by the Egyptian Fathy Salama Orchestra. By incorporating Arabic influences and focusing on Muslim religious themes, the album was a departure from previous N'Dour releases.[2] In the original Senegalese release, it was named Sant Allah (Thanks to God).

Egypt
Studio album by Youssou N'Dour
Released	June 8, 2004
Recorded	Dakar, Senegal and Cairo, Egypt
Studio	Studio Zippi (Dakar), Hany Mihanna Studio (Cairo), Mix Studio (Cairo)
Genre	World
Length	41:10
Language	Wolof, Arabic, French
Label	Nonesuch Records
Producer	Youssou N'Dour, Fathy Salama
Youssou N'Dour chronology
Kirikou (2004) Egypt (2004) Badou (2006)

Professional ratings

Review scores
Source	Rating
AllMusic	[1]
Robert Christgau	A[2]
The Guardian	[3]

Background and recording

The album was largely recorded in 1999 in Dakar, Senegal, and was originally slated for release as early as 2001, but was delayed until 2004 to avoid any association with the September 11 attacks.[4][5] Additional overdubs of oud and traditional orchestra were done in Cairo, Egypt, where N'Dour's quartet was joined by the Fathy Salama Orchestra for most songs.[6][1]

On this album, N'Dour combines both West African and North African musical influences. The record uses instruments from both regions, such as the West African kora and the Arab oud.

The lyrics are in praise of Mouride Sufism, a Senegalese order of Islam to which N'Dour belongs. The songs are sung in Wolof, French, and Arabic and are mostly dedicated to marabouts of the Muslim brotherhoods of Senegal, such as Amadou Bamba, the founder of the Mouride brotherhood.[6][7]

The album is named as a tribute to Egyptian singer Umm Kulthum, who was a favorite of N'Dour's father and influenced N'Dour as a child.[4]

Critical reception

Egypt was a critical success among Western music critics, who appreciated its bridging of cultures and authentic religious commitment. Writing for The Observer, Charlie Gillett called this a "devotional album" and "one of Youssou's best-ever records", praising its "honed precision and focused concentration".[6]

Writing for the BBC, Jon Lusk warned that some fans of N'Dour may not appreciate the departure from his previous upbeat and rhythmic music, but called the album "a breath of fresh air", because "the consistency of tone and mood --generally one of reverent but restrained ecstasy -- is very welcome."[8]

Robert Christgau wrote that the musical fusion on Egypt is "smarter, lovelier, and more seductive" than N'Dour's previous work, and that the singing is characterized by "sweetness, precision, and delicacy". Referring to the efforts the album makes to positively represent African Islam during the period after the September 11 attacks, Christgau wrote that "Egypt is more than just beautiful -- it's a persuasive political act".[2]

AllMusic's Thom Jurek called it a "startling" album, saying that:

Unlike his previous recordings, the organic and sacred character of this music seems to stand outside of time and space; it wails and warbles, croons and groans. It is the music of joy and reverence and, as it bridges the various aspects of Islamic cultural traditions, one hopes it can create, via the sheer beauty of its sound and the translation of its lyrics, a portrait of a world that is far different from the one portrayed by Western media constructs.[1]

Controversy

Although Egypt was received positively by Western audiences, its release was controversial in Africa and Muslim societies. Media in N'Dour's native Senegal argued that it was inappropriate to bring Islam into popular music, and that by associating the two, the album is insulting to the religion. This resulted in a two-year boycott of the album in Senegal, with stores returning copies and radio stations not playing the music. The album was also banned in Egypt.[9]

This negative reaction impacted N'Dour personally, who was shunned during a religious pilgrimage to the holy city of Touba, and was threatened with a lawsuit by members of the Mouride brotherhood. Speaking about this controversy in his native culture, N'Dour told Reuters, "I was frustrated. The music wasn't speaking to people...When there's a break with tradition, or something changes, people can't accept it right away. It takes a little more time."[4]

Egypt is the primary focus of 2008 documentary film Youssou N’Dour: I Bring What I Love, directed by Elizabeth Chai Vasarhelyi. The film explores the cultural controversy surrounding the album's recording and release.[10]

Accolades

Egypt won the 2004 Grammy Award for "Best Contemporary World Music Album", earning N'Dour his only Grammy Award.[4][11] At the BBC Radio 3 Awards for World Music, the album won the Critics Award for album of the year.[12][13]

N'Dour also won a MOBO award in 2005 for "Best African Act".[14][15]

Robert Christgau named it his 18th favorite album of the decade in 2009[16]

Track listing

All tracks by Youssou N'Dour.

No.	Title	Length
1.	"Allah"	6:12
2.	"Shukran Bamba"	5:32
3.	"Mahdiyu Laye"	4:59
4.	"Tijaniyya"	5:47
5.	"Baay Niasse"	5:20
6.	"Bamba the Poet"	3:53
7.	"Cheikh Ibra Fall"	3:38
8.	"Touba - Daru Salaam"	5:49
Total length:		41:10

Personnel

• Hassan Khaleel – score manager
• Yaser Mal Allah – percussion
• Beugue Fallou Ensemble – percussion, backing vocals
• Philippe Brun – mixing
• Mamdou Dia – author
• Cheikh Amala Diallo – English translations, transcription
• Mostafa Abd El Azeez – arghul
• Ahmed El Gazar – sagat
• Mamdouh El Gebaly – oud
• Alaa El Kashief – engineer
• Nidhat Adb El Sameeh – violin
• Bisheer Ewees – violin
• Mbaye Dieye Faye – percussion
• Kabou Gueye – backing vocals
• Mama Gueye – backing vocals
• Souka Gueye – backing vocals
• Hasaneen Hindy – mizmar
• Yuri Kablotsky – violin
• Babou Laye – kora
• Robert C. Ludwig – mastering
• Ramadan Mansoor – tabla
• Youssou N'Dour – vocals, producer, English translations, audio production
• Ndiaga N'Dour – engineer
• Segui Niang – engineer
• Frank Olinsky – design
• Khalid Raaouf – engineer
• Veronique Rolland – photography
• Thomas Rome – English translations
• Fathy Salama – arranger, conductor, producer, audio production
• Ayman Sedky – duhulla
• Cheikh Thiam – English translations, transcription

Charts

Chart (2004)	Peak position
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)[17]	57
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia)[18]	70
Dutch Albums (MegaCharts)[19]	100
Dutch Alternative Albums (MegaCharts)[19]	16
Finnish Albums (Suomen virallinen lista)[20]	35
French Albums (SNEP)[21]	34
Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)[22]	81
UK Albums (OCC)[23]	148
US World Albums (Billboard)[24]	6

References

1. Jurek, Thom. "Egypt - Youssou N'Dour". AllMusic. Retrieved 2018-12-08.
2. Christgau, Robert (2004-06-04). "Facing Mecca". Village Voice. Retrieved 2018-12-08.
3. Denselow, Robin (2004-06-03). "Youssou N'Dour, Egypt". The Guardian. Retrieved 2018-12-08.
4. Honan, Edith (2009-06-16). "Youssou N'Dour film explores music and Islam". Reuters. Retrieved 2018-12-08.
5. Lusk, Jon. "BBC - Radio 3 - Awards for World Music - Youssou N'Dour". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2018-12-08.
6. Gillett, Charlie (2018-07-18). "Youssou N'Dour: Egypt". The Observer. Retrieved 2018-12-08.
7. Chadwick, Alex (2004-07-02). "Youssou N'Dour, 'Egypt' and Islam". npr.org. Retrieved 2018-12-11.
8. Lusk, Jon (2004). "BBC - Music - Review of Youssou N'Dour - Egypt". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2018-12-08.
9. "African Singer Criticized By Muslims Plays In NYC". Associated Press. 2009-06-07. Retrieved 2018-12-08.
10. Lee, Nathan (2009-06-11). "A Musician's Passion". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-12-08.
11. "Youssou N'Dour". grammy.com. Retrieved 2018-12-08.
12. McDaid, Carol (2005-03-13). "World: Radio 3 awards for world music". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2018-12-08.
13. "BBC - Radio 3 - Awards for World Music 2005". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2018-12-08.
14. Culshaw, Peter (2007-11-03). "Youssou N'Dour: caught in the middle". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 2018-12-08.
15. "MOBO Awards 2005". mobo.com. Retrieved 2018-12-08.
16. "Robert Christgau: Rolling Stone Ballot: The 00's Best Songs & Albums". www.robertchristgau.com. Archived from the original on 2010-01-02. Retrieved 2019-04-26.
17. "Ultratop.be – Youssou N'Dour – Egypt" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
18. "Ultratop.be – Youssou N'Dour – Egypt" (in French). Hung Medien. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
19. "Dutchcharts.nl – Youssou N'Dour – Egypt" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
20. "Youssou N'Dour: Egypt" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
21. "Lescharts.com – Youssou N'Dour – Egypt". Hung Medien. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
22. "Swisscharts.com – Youssou N'Dour – Egypt". Hung Medien. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
23. "Chart Log UK: Nadanuf – Michael Nyman". zobbel.de. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
24. "Youssou N'Dour Chart History (World Albums)". Billboard. Retrieved 21 April 2016.

External links

• "Youssou N'Dour: Egypt", Allaboutjazz.com.
• Robert Christgau, "Facing Mecca: Longstanding cosmopolitan Youssou N'Dour tells the world about his embattled faith", Village Voice, June 8, 2004