Edward Macnaghten, Baron Macnaghten

Edward Macnaghten, Baron Macnaghten, GCB, GCMG, PC (3 February 1830 – 17 February 1913) was an Anglo-Irish rower, barrister, Conservative-Unionist politician and law lord.

As depicted by "Spy" (Leslie Ward) in Vanity Fair, 31 October 1895

Early life and rowing

Macnaghten was born in Bloomsbury, London, the second son of Sir Edmund Workman-Macnaghten, Bt., but grew up mainly at Roe Park, Limavady. He attended school in Sunderland and then Trinity College, Dublin, and Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating Bachelor of Arts in 1852.[1] At Cambridge, he was secretary of the Pitt Club.[2]

Macnaghten was a rower at Cambridge. In 1851, he was runner up to E. G. Peacock in the Diamond Challenge Sculls at Henley Royal Regatta, but avenged this the following year with a win. Macnaghten rowed bow for Cambridge in the Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race in 1852 which was won by Oxford.[3] Also in 1852, he turned the tables on Peacock to win the Diamond Challenge Sculls from him at Henley.[4]

After being called to the Bar by Lincoln's Inn in 1857, Macnaghten built up a successful practice and became Queen's Counsel in 1880. That same year he was elected to the House of Commons as Conservative Member of Parliament for County Antrim, exchanging this seat five years later for that of North Antrim. In 1912 he signed the Ulster Covenant.

Having declined the offers of a judgeship from Gladstone in 1883 and the Home Secretaryship from the Conservatives in 1886, he was on 25 January 1887 appointed a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary with a life peerage as Baron Macnaghten, of Runkerry in the County of Antrim.[5] No practising barrister who had been Queen's Counsel for less than seven years had ever before been promoted to the House of Lords.

Judgments
  • British South Africa Co v Companhia de Moçambique [1893] AC 602 - the House of Lords overturned a Court of Appeal decision and by so doing established the Mozambique rule, a common law rule in private international law that renders actions relating to title in foreign land, the right to possession of foreign land, and trespass to foreign land non-justiciable in common law jurisdictions.[6]

Decorations

Lord Macnaghten was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1902 and a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in the 1911 coronation honours of George V. He also succeeded his elder brother, Francis, as fourth Baronet in the latter year.

Legacy

Lord Macnaghten's most famous contribution to English law was the determination of categories of charitable trusts (in the case of Commissioners for Special Purposes of Income Tax v Pemsel). He also sat in the landmark decision of Salomon v A Salomon & Co Ltd. In the case of Montgomery v Thompson (Eng.), AC 225 (1891), he held that a brewery opened in the town of Stone in Staffordshire could not use the name "Stone Ale", as this would infringe the rights of an existing seller of a product named "Stone Ale". He famously remarked, "Thirsty folk want beer, not explanations."

He is famous for the elegance of his prose. An example is given in the case of Gluckstein v Barnes [1900] AC 240, where he refused to order that fraudulent company promoters should be entitled to contribution from other participants of the fraud. He said, "In these two matters Mr. Gluckstein has been in my opinion extremely fortunate. But he complains that he may have a difficulty in recovering from his co-directors their share of the spoil, and he asks that the official liquidator may proceed against his associates before calling upon him to make good the whole amount with which he has been charged. My Lords, there may be occasions in which that would be a proper course to take. But I cannot think that this is a case in which any indulgence ought to be shewn to Mr. Gluckstein. He may or may not be able to recover a contribution from those who joined with him in defrauding the company. He can bring an action at law if he likes. If he hesitates to take that course or takes it and fails, then his only remedy lies in an appeal to that sense of honour which is popularly supposed to exist among robbers of a humbler type."

He also gave an eloquent description of a floating charge in Illingworth v Houldsworth [1904] AC 335, where he said, "A specific charge, I think, is one that without more fastens on ascertained and definite property or property capable of being ascertained and defined; a floating charge, on the other hand, is ambulatory and shifting in its nature, hovering over and so to speak floating with the property which it is intended to affect until some event occurs or some act is done which causes it to settle and fasten on the subject of the charge within its reach and grasp."

Personal life
Runkerry House, Lord Macnaghten's home, as it stands today

He married, in 1858, Frances Arabella (d. 1903), the only child of Sir Samuel Martin, a baron of the exchequer; they had five sons and six daughters. His daughters remained living at Runkerry until c. 1950.

Their children were:

  • Beatrice Mary (c. 1861-12 March 1950). Unmarried.
  • Florence Mary (d. 26 January 1941). Unmarried.
  • Octavia Mary (d. 8 August 1946). Unmarried.
  • Anne Julia Mary (d. 7 March 1949). Unmarried.
  • Ethel Mary (d. 18 May 1951). Unmarried.
  • Sir Edward Charles (9 October 1859-31 December 1914), married firstly the Hon. Gwen Elca Violett Abbot, daughter of Charles Abbott, 3rd Baron Tenterden with whom he had one son, Hugh. Secondly he married Edith Powell, and they had two sons (the future 6th and 7th Baronets), and one daughter.
  • Frances Helen (c. 1861-12 March 1950). Unmarried.
  • Francis Alexander (18 May 1863-1 November 1951), married Beatrice Ritchie, daughter of Sir William Johnstone Ritchie, 2nd Chief Justice of Canada. They had no issue.
  • Edith Arabella Mary (12 December 1865-16 January 1866)
  • Sir Frederic Fergus (16 May 1867-18 November 1955), who married Ada Webster. No issue.
  • Rt. Hon. Sir Malcolm Martin (12 January 1869-24 January 1955), married Antonia Mary Booth, daughter if Charles Booth. They had four children.
  • Capt. Maurice Patrick (2 March 1874-5 May 1914), married Sybil Torbock Graham, daughter of Col. Henry Graham of the 16th Lancers. Had no issue.

He died of pneumonia in 1913 at his home 198 Queen's Gate, Kensington, London, and was buried at Bushmills.[7]

gollark: I mean, in Hungary and Turkey at least, those are existing elected leaders grabbing power fairly recently.
gollark: ... Russia's near-dictator? Hungary's, now? Turkey's?
gollark: Dictatorships are just really terrible generally.
gollark: It's because people don't seem to particularly care much about policies, and those don't tend to vary hugely between parties, and are much more responsive to personal attacks and stuff.
gollark: They're simple, which is important to avoid confusing voters with complicated systems, and I think not subject to Arrow's theorem.

See also

References
  1. "Macnaghten, Edward (MNTN847E)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  2. Fletcher, Walter Morley (2011) [1935]. The University Pitt Club: 1835-1935 (First Paperback ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 80. ISBN 978-1-107-60006-5.
  3. Walter Bradford Woodgate Boating 1888
  4. Henley Royal Regatta Results of Final Races 1839-1939 Archived 9 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  5. "No. 25669". The London Gazette. 1 February 1887. p. 533.
  6. "Report 63 (1988) – Jurisdiction of Local Courts Over Foreign Land". Law Reform Commission, New South Wales. 30 May 2001. Retrieved 1 September 2008. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  7. "Death of Lord Macnaghten". The Times. 18 February 1913. p. 7. Retrieved 23 April 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by
James Chaine
Hon. Edward O'Neill		 Member of Parliament for Antrim
1880–1885
With: James Chaine to May 1885
William Pirrie Sinclair from May 1885		 Constituency divided
New constituency Member of Parliament for North Antrim
1885–1887		 Succeeded by
Sir Charles Lewis, Bt
Baronetage of the United Kingdom
Preceded by
Francis Workman-Macnaghten		 Baronet
(of Bushmills House)
1911–1913		 Succeeded by
Edward Macnaghten
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