Duke (album)

Duke is the tenth studio album by English rock band Genesis, released in March 1980 on Charisma Records. The album followed a period of inactivity for the band in early 1979. Phil Collins moved to Vancouver, Canada, in an effort to salvage his failing first marriage, while Tony Banks and Mike Rutherford recorded solo albums. Collins returned to the UK after his marriage ended and wrote a significant amount of material, some of which was used for Duke and some was later reworked for his first solo album, Face Value. Duke contained a mix of individually-written songs and tracks that evolved from jam sessions in mid-1979, while recording took place at the end of the year. The break in activity rejuvenated the band, and they found the album an easy one to work on.

Duke
Studio album by Genesis
Released	28 March 1980
Recorded	November–December 1979
Studio	Polar, Stockholm, Sweden
Genre	Progressive rock pop rock
Length	55:06
Label	Charisma
Producer	David Hentschel Genesis
Genesis chronology
...And Then There Were Three... (1978) Duke (1980) Abacab (1981)
Singles from Duke
"Turn It On Again" Released: 8 March 1980 "Duchess" Released: 9 May 1980 "Misunderstanding" Released: 10 May 1980

Duke was positively received by music critics, who praised the album for bridging the band's progressive rock-oriented past, via experimental pieces such as the closing ten-minute "Duke's Travels"/"Duke's End" suite, with their more pop rock-oriented, commercially accessible direction, as displayed on the hit singles "Turn It On Again", "Duchess", and "Misunderstanding". It was the first album by the group to reach No. 1 on the UK charts and has since been certified Platinum in both the UK and US.

Background

By 1978, Genesis were a trio of lead singer and drummer Phil Collins, keyboardist Tony Banks and guitarist/bassist Mike Rutherford. They had survived the departure of original frontman Peter Gabriel and guitarist Steve Hackett and released the album ...And Then There Were Three..., which included the top ten single "Follow You Follow Me".[1] The group were still touring successfully, and enjoyed the songwriting collaborations between the three of them. They decided to take a break before writing and recording a new album, which would be largely group-written in a rehearsal room, without many pre-conceived ideas.[2]

The group's touring schedule had put particular pressure on Collins, whose marriage was at risk of collapse due to him being away from home frequently. His wife, Andrea, had warned him that if he committed himself to the full ...And Then There Were Three... Tour, she would not be there when he returned.[3] Collins, however, was convinced that Genesis were on the verge of an international breakthrough and that his work with the band would pay dividends in the future.[4] By the end of 1978, Andrea had decided to move to Vancouver with their children. Realising that his marriage was more important than the band, Collins held a meeting with Banks, Rutherford and manager Tony Smith. He said he was moving to Vancouver and try and re-build the family, and that the group would have to accommodate this.[5] In an interview for Sounds, Collins said, "I went off for two months to try and sort things out ... I was never going to leave the band. It was just that if I was going to be living in Vancouver then we'd have had to organise ourselves differently."[6] He also noted that the individual members of his side project Brand X were geographically dispersed.[6]

Banks and Rutherford suggested the band take an extended hiatus, hoping Collins would save his marriage and that the band could work with him in Vancouver.[5] Banks recorded his solo album A Curious Feeling at Polar Studios in Stockholm with Genesis touring drummer Chester Thompson and singer Kim Beacon,[7] while Rutherford also recorded his first solo album, Smallcreep's Day, at the same studio.[6] In April 1979, Collins returned to the UK after the attempt to salvage his marriage failed. With time to spare before working on the next Genesis album, he gigged with Brand X, and began work on demo tracks for what became his first solo album Face Value at his home in Shalford, Surrey. As well as playing piano and synthesizers, he had recently picked up a Roland CR-78 drum machine and become interested in the possibilities of electronic drums.[6][8][lower-alpha 1]

Writing and recording

Duke was the last Genesis album to be co-produced by David Hentschel.

In autumn 1979, Banks and Rutherford moved in with Collins in Shalford to start rehearsals on Duke. Collins had written a large number of songs, but he felt many of them would not suit Genesis, while Banks and Rutherford were short of material having just recorded their solo albums.[9] The three decided each member should contribute two of their own songs for the band to work on. Banks put forward "Heathaze" and "Cul-de-Sac", Rutherford used "Man of Our Times" and "Alone Tonight", and Collins had "Misunderstanding" and "Please Don't Ask". The remainder of the songs were written together in rehearsals.[10] Banks later regretted not choosing Collins' "In the Air Tonight" for the album.[11] His track "Cul-de-Sac" became a problem for Collins to get into as its overall style and lyrical content no longer interested him, and realised that he should have kept the song for his solo output.[12]

The group found the writing process easier and more enjoyable than ...And Then There Were Three..., which was primarily songs written in advance individually by the members. Rutherford summarised his time writing songs for Duke as "getting back to the basic stage of ideas being worked on jointly".[6] Banks reasoned much of the band's refreshed attitude was "down to not having worked together in a while", which resulted in "good ideas" being put forward, something that he said had not "happened for some time".[6] Collins felt the band interacted "as a group much better ... there's definitely a side to us coming out which wasn't on the last album; the playing side".[6] Rutherford would later describe the writing process for the album, alongside the one for Abacab, as a "rethink" of Genesis' approach, refocusing their output to group writing and improvisation.[13] In contrast to earlier Genesis albums, most tracks were short with the exception of the ten-minute "Duke's Travels"/"Duke's End" suite that closed the album.[14]

"Behind the Lines" was the first song arranged for the album and "Duchess" came about from rhythms that Collins had played on his set of drum pads.[15] In its original form, "Behind the Lines", "Duchess", "Guide Vocal", "Turn It On Again", "Duke's Travels", and "Duke's End" were one 30-minute track that told a story of a fictional character named Albert which had a working title of "Duke". The group chose this name because the fanfare melodies on "Behind the Lines" and "Duke's End" conjured an image of royalty.[16] The band decided against sequencing the tracks this way on the album, partly to avoid comparisons to their 23-minute track "Supper's Ready" from Foxtrot, but also to have certain segments of the suite, such as "Duchess" and "Turn It On Again", released as singles. The six tracks were performed live on the album's supporting tour with Collins introducing it as "The Story of Albert".[17] "Turn It On Again" was originally a short connecting piece in the middle of this medley, but the band enjoyed playing it so much, they decided to double its length and make it more of a standout track.[11] It came from a piece that Rutherford discarded from Smallcreep's Day and a separate piece from Banks that they joined together.[18] The group considered placing the band-written songs on side one and the individually written tracks on the other, but this was rejected. Rutherford described the final running order as "a very balanced album".[19]

The group went to Polar Studios to record the album, starting on 12 November 1979, and recording up to the end of the year.[20][6] As with several earlier albums, production duties were shared by the band and regular co-producer David Hentschel.[19] Collins used the Roland CR-78 drum machine for "Duchess"; the first time he used one on a Genesis song.[14][21]

The cover art was drawn by French illustrator Lionel Koechlin and taken from his book L'Alphabet d'Albert, published in 1979.[22][23] The band liked his work and decided to use it as the cover, but Collins maintained the character depicted is neither the album's titular character nor related to any song on it.[16]

Release

Collins and Rutherford on the Duke tour, 1980

Duke was released in the US on 24 March 1980[24] and in the UK on 28 March.[25] It was the band's greatest commercial success at the time of its release; it spent two weeks at No. 1 on the UK Albums Chart[26] and peaked at No. 11 on the US Billboard 200.[27] The album spawned three singles; "Turn It On Again" reached No. 8 in the UK and No. 58 in the US; "Duchess" reached No. 46 in the UK; "Misunderstanding" reached No. 42 in the UK and No. 14 in the US.[28] Duke was certified Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry on 3 July 1980[25] and by the Recording Industry Association of America on 11 March 1988.[24]

Critical reception

Professional ratings

Review scores
Source	Rating
AllMusic	[29]
Q	[30]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide	[31]
Smash Hits	6/10[32]
Sounds	[33]

Duke received a mostly positive reception from music critics. In his review for Rolling Stone, David Fricke noted that "Turn It On Again" is "vibrant rock & roll" and thought that "Man of Our Times", "Duchess", "Duke's Travels", and "Duke's End" "possess a refreshing urgency". Fricke points out the band's losses without Gabriel and Hackett in the line-up, yet summarised Duke as "comforting: a reassurance that Genesis aren't for an exodus yet."[34] Sounds' Hugh Fielder gave the album four stars out of five, enjoying the opening of "Behind the Lines" and considering Collins's vocals to be "more convincing than ... before". He felt the first side was better than the second, and criticised some lyrics, but concluded "no Genesis fan could be disappointed".[33] The Los Angeles Times's Steve Pond described the album's music as "identifiably Genesis, but it is toned-down" and a "a more confident and successful album than ...And Then There Were Three...". He criticised the album as inconsistent with a lack of "melodic invention" on side one, but thought "Duke's Travels" and "Duke's End" were "one of the best and most consistent pieces of music that band has made in some time".[35]

In a retrospective review, AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine felt Duke was the Genesis album that "leaped into the fray" of pop music but retained "a heavy dose" of progressive rock with the "Duke" suite. Erlewine thought the album comes off "a little bombastic" at times, with "Misunderstanding" and "Turn It On Again" being the two tracks that "showcase the new version of Genesis at its absolute best".[29]

Tour

In response to the highly successful album of the same name, the Duke Tour was a 103-city tour across Europe and North America, beginning at the Paignton Festival Hall in the UK on 17 March,[36] and ending at the Saratoga Springs Performing Arts Center in the United States on 30 June 1980.[37] A recorded concert of the band's stop at the famous Lyceum Ballroom in London was made for the tour's 30th anniversary, titled Genesis – Live in London: The Lyceum Tapes.

Reissues

A digitally remastered version of Duke was released on CD in 1994 on Virgin in Europe and Atlantic in the US and Canada. The CD included the album's original booklet, artwork and lyrics.[38] It was reissued again in 2007 as part of the Genesis 1976–1982 box set, which included a new stereo and 5.1 surround sound mix and a DVD of bonus features including band interviews, music videos, live performances and tour programs.[39]

Track listing

Side one

No.	Title	Writer(s)	Length
1.	"Behind the Lines"	Tony Banks, Phil Collins, Mike Rutherford	5:31
2.	"Duchess"	Banks, Collins, Rutherford	6:40
3.	"Guide Vocal"	Banks	1:18
4.	"Man of Our Times"	Rutherford	5:35
5.	"Misunderstanding"	Collins	3:11
6.	"Heathaze"	Banks	5:00

Side two

No.	Title	Writer(s)	Length
1.	"Turn It On Again"	Banks, Collins, Rutherford	3:50
2.	"Alone Tonight"	Rutherford	3:54
3.	"Cul-de-sac"	Banks	5:02
4.	"Please Don't Ask"	Collins	4:00
5.	"Duke's Travels"	Banks, Collins, Rutherford	8:41
6.	"Duke's End" (instrumental)	Banks, Collins, Rutherford	2:04

B-sides

No.	Title	Writer(s)	Length
1.	"Evidence of Autumn"	Banks	4:58
2.	"Open Door"	Rutherford	4:08

Personnel

Genesis

• Tony Banks – keyboards, backing vocals, 12-string guitar, duck[lower-alpha 2]
• Mike Rutherford – guitars, bass guitar, bass pedals, backing vocals
• Phil Collins – drums, vocals, drum machine, percussion, duck

Production

• David Hentschel – backing vocals, production, audio engineering
• Genesis – production
• Dave Bascombe – assistant engineering
• Ray Staff – mastering
• Lionel Koechlin – cover
• Bill Smith – art direction
• Recorded at Polar Studios, Sweden
• Mixed at Maison Rouge, London
• Mastered at Trident Studios, London[22]

References

Notes

1. Collins later said he had approached Pete Townshend, asking if he could replace Keith Moon, who had died a few months earlier, in the Who, but the group had already recruited Kenney Jones.[8]
2. According to later interviews, the "duck" was a duck call used to trigger a sound on a Yamaha CS-80 synthesizer.[40]

Citations

1. Bowler & Dray 1992, p. 148.
2. Bowler & Dray 1992, pp. 152–153.
3. Bowler & Dray 1992, p. 151.
4. Bowler & Dray 1992, p. 154.
5. Bowler & Dray 1992, p. 155.
6. Fielder, Hugh (27 October 1979). "The return of... Getting it together in the Country". Sounds. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
7. Bowler & Dray 1992, pp. 156–157.
8. Bowler & Dray 1992, p. 160.
9. Bowler & Dray 1992, p. 162.
10. Bowler & Dray 1992, pp. 162–163.
11. Welch 2011, p. 94.
12. "Phil on Genesis". Genesis Information – Issue 19. April 1981. p. 2. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
13. Fischer, Mark (host); Rutherford, Mike; Collins, Phil (September 2006) [3 September 2001]. ""Duke/Abacab" 25th Anniversary". In the Studio with Redbeard. Episode 689. Beardedfisch – via YouTube.
14. Bowler & Dray 1992, p. 164.
15. Young, Jon (March 1982). "The Genesis Autodiscography". Trouser Press. Vol. 71. pp. 16–21. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
16. Van Matre, Lynn (27 June 1980). "Genesis: No concept behind Genesis' 'Duke' album". Fort Lauderdale News. p. 89. Retrieved 23 February 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
17. Gett, Steve. "Genesis : Civil Hall, Guildford". Archived from the original on 31 August 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2015. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
18. Dann, Jonathan; Hewitt, Alan; Morton, Peter (1995). ""The A to Z of Genesis" - Tony Banks talks about his career with the band". The Waiting Room Online. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
19. Bowler & Dray 1992, p. 165.
20. Welch 2011, p. 93.
21. Dean, Matt (2011). The Drum: A History. Scarecrow Press. p. 258. ISBN 978-0-810-88171-6.
22. Duke (Media notes). Charisma Records. 1980. CBR 101.
23. Koechlin, Lionel (1979). L'Alphabet d'Albert. Jannick. ISBN 978-2-902-46204-9.
24. "RIAA Gold and Platinum Search for albums by Genesis". Recording Industry Association of America. Page 3. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
25. "Certified Awards". BPI. Select keyword "Genesis", By award : Gold, By Format : Album, navigate to page 2. Archived from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
26. "Number 1 Albums – 1980s". The Official Charts Company. Archived from the original on 9 February 2008. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
27. Welch 2011, p. 95.
28. Welch 2011, pp. 95–97.
29. Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Duke – Genesis | AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
30. Fyfe, Andy (May 2007). "Genesis : Duke". Q (250).
31. Nathan Brackett; Christian David Hoard (2004). The new Rolling Stone album guide. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 327–328. ISBN 978-0-7432-0169-8.
32. Starr, Red. "Genesis: Duke". Smash Hits (17–30 April 1980): 30.
33. Fielder, Hugh (5 April 1980). "Power pomp supremos". Sounds: 34.
34. Fricke, David (9 April 1980). "Duke". Rolling Stone.
35. Pond, Steve (25 May 1980). "Genesis puts up its 'Duke'". Los Angeles Times.
36. "The Duke tour". 17 February 1980.
37. "Duke Tour". genesisfan.net. Marcel Albers. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
38. "Duke – Genesis : Releases". AllMusic. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
39. "Duke [UK Bonus DVD]". AllMusic. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
40. Stuart Barnes and Frank Rogers (27 June 2015). "So this is what it does!" (Interview). Retrieved 21 August 2016.

Bibliography

• Bowler, Dave; Dray, Bryan (1992). Genesis: A Biography. Sidgwick & Jackson Ltd. ISBN 978-0-283-06132-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Welch, Chris (2011). Genesis: The Complete Guide to Their Music. Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-0-857-12739-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)