Dry ski slope

A dry ski slope or artificial ski slope is a ski slope that mimics the attributes of snow using materials that are stable at room temperature, to enable people to ski, snowboard or snow tube in places where natural, snow-covered slopes are inconvenient or unavailable.

Dry ski slope in Sátoraljaújhely, Hungary (Neveplast)
Warmwell artificial ski slope in Dorset, U.K. (Snowflex)

    Although commonly known as "dry ski slopes", many slopes are lubricated using a mist or jet system to increase speed and prevent damage to equipment from friction heat build-up. As a general rule, they are found predominantly in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands as other European countries tend to have ready access to real snow fields, as does North America in the winter.

    Materials

    Early materials

    A variety of materials can be found on dry ski slopes.

    Early efforts to mimic snow involved laying extruded plastic tiles with upward spikes in an attempt to provide grip. These were unpopular as they provided little grip and turning capability and the experience was similar to skiing across ice.

    However, in present day, many ski slopes (both indoor and outdoor) continue to use plastic, injection moulded tiles. Quality has improved and many dry ski slopes in the Netherlands use these tiles for training and championships.

    Brush materials
    Dendix mesh material

    The next stage in dry ski slope development came with the brush industry. The most common material is Dendix[1] which is a by-product of brush manufacturing and is similar to a short-haired brush with the bristles sticking upwards. Dendix is manufactured in Chepstow, however it can be found on slopes throughout the world.[2] It is arranged in a hexagonal pattern of approximately 1-inch (25 mm) strips of bristles in a 4 in (100 mm) hexagon. Although it was a significant advancement from previous surfaces, concern over damage to slope users (it provides little or no impact protection to a slope user when falling) and ski or snowboard damage due to friction meant litigation for slopes using it was a constant threat. Nowadays water is often sprayed onto the surface of the dendix to lubricate it and increase speed; however, higher insurance premiums cause many slope operators to look for safer alternatives.[3]

    Despite more recent materials, Dendix remains the most popular plastic slope material in use.

    Needle mushroom dry ski mat
    Needle mushroom dry ski mat
    Dry ski slope in Beijing Olympic forest park

    In Chengdu, China, a dry ski mat called a "needle mushroom dry ski mat" has been in use since 2010.[4] It is made of a plastic and aluminium base with many soybean-like beads on the surface. There are more than 20 slopes of needle mushroom dry ski mat, and new dry ski slopes are created each year.[5]

    Recent materials
    Neveplast dry ski slope.[6]

    The most recent development has seen a crop of materials providing both impact protection and slope lubrication as well as the ability to perform turns, erect jumps, rails and quarterpipes and provide a ride that is closer to the feel of real snow. Neveplast is one of these, a newer material whose use is becoming even more common. This new type of mat, which uses a concentric arrangement of conical stems, is marketed for downhill, snowboarding and cross country skiing. Neveplast claims to be certified as having the same coefficient of friction between the surface and the ski as snow,[7] allowing the skier a good side grip, with the same skis used on the snow, and without the need for water. The Neveplast cooling hole has a comparable diameter to the F.I.S. slalom pole standards used for training and competition in both slalom and giant slalom. Neveplast is also used for school camps. This surface is modular and flexible, used frequently also for Urban freestyle parks.

    Mr. Snow dry ski slopes on the Grande Motte glacier

    A German provider that guarantees year round skiing is Mr. Snow. The company does not only produce dry slopes for downhill skiing, snowboarding and cross country skiing but also provides tubing tracks and rental opportunities for events.[8] The material of Mr. Snow is claimed to have very good sliding capacities, is predictable in all climates and does not harm the ski or sliding surface. Mr. Snow works without the use of silicone which is not necessary to achieve good sliding characteristics. The snow carpet evidently has no negative environmental impact. So the mats can remain on the surface 365 days a year.[9] But it is also possible to remove them very quickly if it is required. Temporary using can be realized with the 20 sqm modules.

    Snowflex

    Another very common mat is Snowflex, manufactured near Huddersfield, West Yorkshire in England by Briton Engineering Developments Limited. Others include Perma-snow by John Nike Leisure/ Techmat 2000, also in the UK and Astroride by NorCal Extreme Sports in the United States. Snowflex and Perma-snow are both white in colour, although the former has been produced in a darker green (such as in Kendal Ski Club in Cumbria, England) to comply with planning requirements.[10][11] There is no indication from NorCal Extreme Sports that AstroRide has been commercially tested to any great extent.[12]

    Proslope Artificial Snow Sports Matting.

    The latest arrival is from UK company Proslope who produce a matting with variable filament lengths to emulate the gradual edge grip and release of snow. As with some other surfaces, the system is coloured white, is modular, and works both with and without a misting system.

    Ski and board preparation

    Dry slope users often improve the performance of their equipment by using the hardest grade of ski wax. The wax wears off quickly, however, and must be renewed after one or two sessions. At least one company makes a hard wax that is intended for use on dry slopes.[13] Some users apply aerosol furniture polish or other can based products to the bases of their skis or boards as the silicone oil it contains is reputed to reduce friction. Other substances, such as dishwashing liquid, are sometimes used.[14]

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    See also

    References
    1. http://www.osborn.com/en-de/products/ski-mats.html
    2. The Western Mail (18 November 2002). "Dendix installing ski slope in Moscow". Natives.co.uk. Retrieved 10 May 2010.
    3. Shephard GJ, Saab M, Ali KH (March 2000). "Upper limb in injuries in dry ski slope skiing—a continuing problem". Eur J Emerg Med. 7 (1): 31–4. doi:10.1097/00063110-200003000-00006. PMID 10839376.
    4. Day 1 at the World Winter Snowsports Exhibition 2017 (WWSE) Beijing was super busy for BASI British Association of Snowsport Instructors. 2017-09-08.
    5. 2017 China Ski Industry White Book ISPO Sports Network. Retrieved 2019-01-12.
    6. http://www.neveplast.it/products/np30
    7. "Neveplast NP30 product page". Neveplast Italia. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
    8. "Skiing while 30 degrees in the Bingen forest". Mainz&. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
    9. Mr. Snow (16 July 2016). "Ski school acitivies during a summer week with Mr. Snow modules". Retrieved 1 August 2017.
    10. "Minutes of South Lakeland council meeting" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 August 2007. Retrieved 10 May 2010.
    11. Snowboard Club UK. "Discussion on synthetic surfaces". Snowboardclub.co.uk. Retrieved 10 May 2010.
    12. "NorCal Extreme Sports news page". Astroride.com. Archived from the original on 15 February 2009. Retrieved 10 May 2010.
    13. "Plastic Slope Fluoro Waxes". Datawax. Archived from the original on 17 January 2010. Retrieved 26 August 2009.
    14. "James Gambrill reports from the Kings Ski Club National Finals, 08 May 2007". Retrieved 26 August 2009.
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