Diuris punctata

Diuris punctata, commonly known as the purple donkey orchid[2] is a species of orchid which is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. It has two grass-like leaves and up to ten purple or mauve flowers, often with darker, sometimes yellow marks. A yellow form from near Guyra is probably now extinct.

Purple donkey orchid
Diuris punctata at Hat Head
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Diurideae
Genus: Diuris
Species:
D. punctata
Binomial name
Diuris punctata

Description

Diuris punctata is a tuberous, perennial herb with two linear leaves 150–300 mm (6–10 in) long, 3–4 mm (0.1–0.2 in) wide and folded lengthwise. Up to ten flowers 50–60 mm (2.0–2.4 in) wide are borne on a flowering stem 300–600 mm (10–20 in) tall. The flowers are purple or mauve, often with darker, sometimes yellow marks. The dorsal sepal is more or less erect, elliptic to egg-shaped, 10–18 mm (0.4–0.7 in) long and 8–14 mm (0.3–0.6 in) wide. The lateral sepals are greenish-brown, linear to lance-shaped, 30–50 mm (1–2 in) long, 2–4 mm (0.08–0.2 in) wide and turned downwards. The petals are erect with an egg-shaped blade 7–17 mm (0.3–0.7 in) long and 7–15 mm (0.3–0.6 in) wide on a dark coloured stalk 2–6 mm (0.08–0.2 in) long. The labellum is 9–15 mm (0.4–0.6 in) long and has three lobes. The centre lobe is broadly egg-shaped to fan-shaped, 7–12 mm (0.3–0.5 in) long and 12–20 mm (0.5–0.8 in) wide and the side lobes are linear to wedge-shaped, 3–5 mm (0.1–0.2 in) long and 1.5–4 mm (0.06–0.2 in) wide. There are two ridge-like calli about 5 mm (0.2 in) long, surrounded by yellow in the mid-line of the labellum. Flowering occurs from September to December.[2][3]

Taxonomy and naming

Diuris punctata was first formally described in 1804 by James Edward Smith and the description was published in Exotic Botany.[4][5] The specific epithet (punctata) is a Latin word meaning "spotted".[6]

Distribution and habitat

The purple donkey orchid is found in New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and Victoria growing in forest and grassland. In New South Wales it occurs south from the Moonbi Range and in Victoria north from the Mornington Peninsula. A form known as Diuris punctata var. sulfurea was known from a property near Guyra but is now thought to be extinct. It had smaller, yellow flowers.[2]

Conservation

Diuris punctata is classed as "threatened" in Victoria under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988. The main threats to the species are competition from weeds and grasses, grazing and soil disturbance.[7]

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References
  1. "Diuris punctata". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  2. Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 133. ISBN 1877069124.
  3. Jones, David L. "Diuris punctata". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
  4. "Duiris punctata". APNI. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
  5. Smith, James Edward (1804). Exotic Botany (Volume 1). London: R. Taylor and Co. pp. 13–14. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
  6. Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 742.
  7. "Purple Diuris Diuris punctata var. punctata" (PDF). Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
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