Dionisije Milivojević
Dionisije Milivojević (Serbian Cyrillic: Дионисије Миливојевић; 26 July 1898 – 15 May 1979) was a Serbian Orthodox bishop who served as Bishop of America and Canada from 1939 to 1964.
Dionisije | |
|---|---|
| Bishop of America and Canada | |
.jpg) | |
| Native name | Дионисије |
| Church | Serbian Orthodox Church |
| Diocese | Eparchy of America and Canada |
| Elected | 1939 |
| Installed | 15 April 1940 |
| Predecessor | Irinej Đorđević |
| Successor | Irinej Kovačević Position officially abolished |
| Personal details | |
| Birth name | Dragoljub Milivojević |
| Born | 26 July 1898 Rabrovac, Kingdom of Serbia |
| Died | 15 May 1979 (aged 80) Libertyville, Illinois, United States |
| Buried | Saint Sava Monastery, Libertyville, Illinois |
| Denomination | Serbian Orthodox |
| Previous post | Vicar bishop of Moravica (1938–1939) |
| Alma mater | University of Belgrade Faculty of Theology |
In his youth, he was one of the leaders of the evangelical Bogomoltsy Movement which won the support of Bishop Nikolaj Velimirović.[1]
In 1964, he went into schism with the Serbian Orthodox Church and formed the Free Serbian Orthodox Church. He was a vocal anti-communist and believed that the clergy in Yugoslavia had acquiesced to the ruling League of Communists of Yugoslavia too easily, and asserted the independence of the congregations of the SOC in North America and Australia.[2]
Early life
Dionisije was born Dragoljub Milivojević on 26 July 1898 in Rabrovac near Smederevska Palanka. After graduating from gymnasium, he enrolled at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Law. Two years later, he enrolled at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Orthodox Theology where he graduated.[3] In his youth, he belonged to a millenarian movement before embracing Eastern Orthodoxy.[1]
Upon graduation, he got married. His wife died shortly afterwards, whereupon he went to Hilandar Monastery, where he received tonsure and was given the monastic name of Dionisije. Before he was elevated to the position of Vicar Bishop, he was the head of a monastery, a professor at the seminary in Sremski Karlovci, and the head of the monastic school in Dečani Monastery. At the same time, he was one of the leaders of the Bogomoltsy Movement, in which he had been active since his student days. He edited the organization's newspaper Christian Community, until 1933.[3][1]
He was elevated to the position of Bishop of Moravica and Vicar Bishop to Patriarch Gavrilo in 1938 and was consecrated in August of that year at the Saborna crkva. In late 1939, he was selected Bishop of America and Canada.[3] He departed for the United States in early April 1940.[4]
Bishop of America and Canada in the SOC
He took over the administration of the Diocese of America and Canada on 15 April 1940, on the eve of the outbreak of World War II.[3]
He started his work in the Diocese from Saint Sava Monastery in Libertyville, Illinois. He first relocated the Diocese's headquarters from Chicago to the monastery, which he renovated completely. Between 1941 and 1943, he increased the monastery's property by 73 acres. In 1950, he purchased a 1,400-acre farm with buildings for the elderly and a children's resort in Shadeland, near Springboro, Pennsylvania. In Jackson, California, he purchased 173 acres of land. He organized a number of parishes and church-school municipalities. One of the most significant undertakings by Bishop Dionisije was his work in bringing and rescuing Serbs from the prison camps of Germany, Italy and Austria after the end of World War II. According to records, 16,000 Serbs and about 30 priests were brought to the US and Canada on the basis of letters of guarantee signed by Dionisije.[3]
Schism with the SOC and death
By the early 1960s, the SOC's stance toward the communist authorities had become a standing source of friction between Bishop Dionisije and Patriarch German in Belgrade. Like most churches under communism, the SOC had found a modus vivendi in order to procure the space it needed to operate. The diaspora priests claimed that the Belgrade "red priests" had acquiesced too early.[2]
Dionisije met Radmila Milentijević, the daughter of a former royalist officer who left Yugoslavia in 1953. He allowed her to live in church residences. There was speculation both that Milentijević was his lover, and that she had been an agent of the Yugoslav authorities designed to seduce and discredit Bishop Dionisije. Both vehemently denied these allegations. The relationship assumed the dimensions of a public scandal, and in 1961 Milentijević left Chicago.[2]
A delegation from the Serbian Orthodox Church was sent to the United States to meed Dionisije and stayed with him for two months during 1962. After having returned to Belgrade, the group generally spoke positively of Dionisije, but also brought forward the allegations brewing around his personal life. For this reason, the Holy Assembly of Bishops requested that the Holy Synod start a trial against Dionisije on 10 May 1963, the same day that his Diocese was split into three newly created ones.[5]
A new delegation met with Dionisije in July 1963, when he presented them with a written response to their letter. At the same time, he published announcements against the Assembly, claiming that everything they did was to appease the communist regime in Belgrade. He was removed from the position of bishop at an extraordinary assembly on 27 July 1963. Dionisije then called upon all parishes opposed to Belgrade to join him, and called upon a church-popular assembly on 10–14 November 1963 when all decisions from Belgrade were dismissed until the fall of communism, starting a schism with the SOC. Dionisije's successor, Irinej Kovačević, was consecrated at this assembly.[5]
In mid-October 1963, Bishop Dionisije was at the forefront of the local Serbs' campaign against Josip Broz Tito's visit to the United States. They organized press conferences, picket lines, demonstrations and harangued San Francisco's Fairmont Hotel where he was staying. Tito cancelled several receptions, as well as his West Coast tour.[2]
He was defrocked at the Holy Assembly of Bishops in March 1964.[3][5][2] In Australia, he initiated the first church-popular assembly in Melbourne on 31 October 1964, where the schismatic Diocese of Australia and New Zealand was created.[3] The clergy loyal to Bishop Dionisije was commonly known as the raskolnici (English: schismatics) and the ones loyal to Belgrade, federalci (English: federals).[2][6]
The row even split the exiled royal family.[2] King Peter II originally sided with the raskolnici, but later retracted his support. Prince Andrew supported the raskolnici, and Princes Tomislav and Alexander the federalci. Peter II was interred in the Saint Sava Monastery in 1970, still under the control of Dionisije-loyals. It is alleged either that this signifies his renewed support for Dionisije before death, or that his corpse was taken from the Denver hospital where he died without permission.[6]
Dionisije was forced to leave the church's seat in Saint Sava Monastery and transferred to the nearby Grayslake following a court ruling in favor of the SOC with regards to ownership of the monastery.[2] He and Metropolitan Irinej Kovačević built a new seat, the New Gračanica Monastery in Third Lake, Illinois. It was completed in 1984.[6]
Starting in 1977, the group assumed the name Free Serbian Orthodox Church. It was reconciled with the Serbian Orthodox Church in 1992.[7]
He died on 15 May 1979 at Saint Sava Monastery in Libertyville, Illinois. He was buried by the monastery's church.[3]
References
- Aleksov, Bojan (2006). Religious Dissent Between the Modern and the National: Nazarenes in Hungary and Serbia 1850-1914. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 160–. ISBN 978-3-447-05397-6.
- Hockenos 2003, pp. 120–124.
- Spasović, Stanimir; Miletić, Srboljub. "ИСТОРИЈА СРПСКЕ ПРАВОСЛАВНЕ ЦРКВЕ У АУСТРАЛИЈИ, НОВОМ ЗЕЛАНДУ И ЈУЖНОЈ АФРИЦИ — ЕПИСКОП ДИОНИСИЈЕ (Миливојевић)". svetosavlje.org (in Serbian). Retrieved 20 April 2020.
- "Odlazak na dužnost u Ameriku episkopa Srpske pravoslavne crkve g. Dionisija". Vreme (in Serbian). 31 March 1940. p. 11. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
- Spasović, Stanimir; Miletić, Srboljub. "ИСТОРИЈА СРПСКЕ ПРАВОСЛАВНЕ ЦРКВЕ У АУСТРАЛИЈИ, НОВОМ ЗЕЛАНДУ И ЈУЖНОЈ АФРИЦИ — НАСТАНАК РАСКОЛА НА СЕВЕРНОАМЕРИЧКОМ КОНТИНЕНТУ". svetosavlje.org (in Serbian). Retrieved 23 April 2020.
- Miladinović, Ivan (21 October 2018). "SUSRET SA ISTORIJOM: Cilj raskola u Crkvi bio da oslabi Srbe". Večernje novosti (in Serbian). Retrieved 22 April 2020.
- Puzović 1996, p. 94.
Literature
- Hockenos, Paul (2003). Homeland Calling: Exile Patriotism & the Balkan Wars. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-4158-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Puzović, Predrag (1996). "Епархије Српске православне цркве у расејању" (PDF). Богословље: Часопис Православног богословског факултета у Београду (in Serbian). 40 (1–2): 87–96.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)