Dilazak

The Dilazak (Urdu : دلزاک) is a Pashtun tribe, primarily living in Afghanistan, India and Pakistan.

History

The Dilazak originally dwelled in eastern Afghanistan in the Sulaiman Range. They were the first of the Pashtun tribes from the region to migrate north-eastwards. They descended to the valley of Peshawar through Khyber Pass during the time of Samanid Dynasty, between 750 and 850 CE.[1] The Dilazak expelled or subdued other tribes of the area.[2] By the time of Mehmood Ghaznavi (around 1000 CE), the Dilazak had reached the Indus River (Then called Abaseen or Neelaab).[3] They participated in the campaigns of Mehmood Ghaznavi in large numbers under their leader Malik Yahya Khan.[4] In the 500 years that followed, they extended up to Hassan Abdal and towards the North up to Abbottabad. According to Aain-i-Akbari (Written around 1590 CE), the Dilazak were the only Pashtun tribe that possessed lands in Hazara Qaarlugh.[5][6]

Around 1520, another Pashtun tribe, the Yousafzai, was expelled from Kabul by Mirza Ulugh Beg (March 22, 1394 in Sultaniyeh (Persia) – October 27, 1449 (Samarkand)), a Timurid ruler and paternal uncle of the Mughal Emperor Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur.[7] The Yusufzai migrated to Peshawar valley where they sought and received help from the Dilazak.[8] Later, the relationships between the two tribes deteriorated and a long war ensued.[9] 20 years later, at the battle of Katlang, the Yousafzai, the Utmankhel (A cousin tribe of the Dilazak) and other tribes pushed the Dilazak east of the Indus River under the leadership of Malik Ahmed Khan.[10]

Dispersal by the Mughals

The Mughal had fluctuating relations with the Pashtun tribes in Afghanistan. The Dilazak were on the eastern side of the Indus River and thus vulnerable to the Mughal army. Around 1607, while on his way to Kabul, Mughal Emperor Salim Nuruddin Jahangir (20 September 1569 – 8 November 1627) left his large army under the command of Zaffar Khan Koka son of Zain Khan Koka, and ordered him to wipe out the Dilazak and arrest the leaders of the Khhattar tribe.[11] Zaffar Khan Koka complied with the orders and deported 100,000 families of the Dilazak to Lahore for further dispersal throughout India.[12] Few families of the Dilazak escaped this exodus.

Return under Shahjahan

Most of the Dilazak returned during the reign of the Mughal King Shah ab-ud-din Muhammad Khurram alias Shah Jahan (Ruler of the Worlds) (January 5, 1592 – January 22, 1666), and settled in parts of Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa Province and Punjab Province of Pakistan in their old lands.[13] One of them, Saleh Khan, settled with his family in Sara-e-Saleh and Tir, both in Haripur District of Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa Province in Pakistan.[14]

Sub-Sections (Khels) of the Dilazak include Anayatkhani, Lodhikhel, Nusratkhel, Shamshirkhani, Mirzakhel (only in India), and others.

The Dilazak are living in the following parts of the Indian Subcontinent:-

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Punjab

Sindh

  • Karachi
  • Hyderabad

East Bengal

West Bengal

Andhra Pradesh

Rajasthan

Uttar Pradesh

The Dilazak also dwell in Germany, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom and United States of America.

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References
  1. "Taarikh-e-Hazara (History of Hazara)" (Urdu-1969) by Dr. Sher Bahadur Khan Panni Page 295-313
  2. "Afghanistan and its Inhabitants" by Muhammad Hayat Khan (Author), Henry Priestley (Translator) (1874) (Reproduced by Sang-e-Meel Publications, Pakistan (1981) Page 55/56 and Page 197/198
  3. "Taareekh-e-Wadi-e-Chhachh and Aqwaam-e-Chhachh" (Urdu) by Manzoor Awan Page 175-182
  4. "Taareekh-e-Pashtoon" by Sher Muhammad Khan translated by Saraj Ahmed Alvi (1979) Page 200
  5. Hazara Qaarlugh was a term used during the Mughal period for an administrative unit collocated with the modern Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Attock District and Hassan Abdal (Tehsil) of Punjab Province.
  6. "Aian-i-Akbari" (Urdu) by Abul Fazal, translated by Maulvi Fida Ali, published by Sang-e-Meel Publications (2007) Page 1036, table serial 37
  7. "The Pathans" by Sir Olaf Caroe Page 153,173/174
  8. "Mukhtasur Taareekh-e-Pashtoon (Short History of Pashtoons) by Professor Hameedullah (2004) Page 49
  9. "Tawareekh-e-Hafiz Rahmat Khani" (Urdu) by Pir Moazzam Shah rearranged with notes by 'Roshan Khan', Published by Pashto Academy, Peshawar University (1976) Pages 83-570
  10. "The Kingdom of Afghanistan - A Historical Sketch" by G.P.Tate (1911), Reproduced by 'Indus Publications' (1973) Page 12 (Foot Note)
  11. "Memoir of Jahangir" by late Sir H.M.Elloit
  12. "Hayat-e-Afghani (Life of an Afghan)" by Nawab Muhammad Hayat Khan (1865) English translation by J.B. Priestley (1874) Page 371
  13. "Punjabi Musalmans" by Lieutinent Colonel J.M.Wikeley, British-Indian Army (Before Indo-Pak Partition), Page 152
  14. "Taareekh-e-Hazara" (Urdu) by Dr. Sher Bahadur Khan Panni First Edition (1969) Page 295-313
  15. "Races of Afghanistan" by H.W.Bellew published by Sheikh Mubarak Ali - Lahore, Pakistan Page 68
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