Digital Cinema Package

A Digital Cinema Package (DCP) is a collection of digital files used to store and convey digital cinema (DC) audio, image, and data streams.

The term was popularized by Digital Cinema Initiatives, LLC in its original recommendation[1] for packaging DC contents. However, the industry tends to apply the term to the structure more formally known as the composition. ("You PLAY a composition, You do NOT play a Digital Cinema Package".[2]) A DCP is a “packing crate” for compositions,[3] a hierarchical file structure that represents a title version. The DCP may carry a partial composition (e.g. not a complete set of files), a single complete composition, or multiple and complete compositions.[3]

The composition consists of a Composition Playlist (in XML format) that defines the playback sequence of a set of Track Files. Track Files carry the essence, which is wrapped using Material eXchange Format (MXF). Two track files at a minimum must be present in every composition (see SMPTE ST429-2 D-Cinema Packaging - DCP Constraints, or Cinepedia[4]): a track file carrying picture essence, and a track file carrying audio essence. The composition, consisting of a Composition Playlist and associated track files, are distributed as a Digital Cinema Package (DCP). It must be underscored that a composition is a complete representation of a title version, while the DCP need not carry a full composition. However, as already noted, it is commonplace in the industry to discuss the title in terms of a DCP, as that is the deliverable to the cinema.

The Picture Track File essence is compressed using JPEG 2000 and the Audio Track File carries a 24-bit linear PCM uncompressed multichannel WAV file. Encryption may optionally be applied to the essence of a track file to protect it from unauthorized use. The encryption used is AES 128-bit in CBC mode.

In practice, there are two versions of composition in use. The original and commonly used version is called Interop DCP.[5] In 2009, a specification was published by SMPTE (SMPTE ST 429-2 Digital Cinema Packaging - DCP Constraints) for what is commonly referred to as SMPTE DCP. SMPTE DCP is similar but not backwards compatible with Interop DCP, resulting in an uphill effort to transition the industry from Interop DCP to SMPTE DCP.[6] SMPTE DCP requires significant constraints to ensure success in the field, as shown by ISDCF.[7] While legacy support for Interop DCP is necessary for commercial products, new productions are encouraged to distribute in SMPTE DCP.

Technical specifications

The DCP root folder (in the storage medium) contains a number of files, some used to store the image and audio contents, and some other used to organize and manage the whole playlist.[8]

Picture MXF files

Picture contents may be stored in one or more reels corresponding to one or more MXF files. Each reel contains pictures as MPEG-2 or JPEG 2000 essence, depending on the adopted codec. MPEG-2 is no longer compliant with the DCI specification. JPEG 2000 is the only accepted compression format.

  • Supported frame rates are:
    • SMPTE (JPEG 2000)
      • 24, 25, 30, 48, 50, and 60 fps @ 2K
      • 24, 25, and 30 fps @ 4K
      • 24 and 48 fps @ 2K stereoscopic
    • MXF Interop (JPEG 2000) – Deprecated
      • 24 and 48 fps @ 2K (MXF Interop can be encoded at 25 frame/s but support is not guaranteed)
      • 24 fps @ 4K
      • 24 fps @ 2K stereoscopic
    • MXF Interop (MPEG-2) – Deprecated.
      • 23.976 and 24 fps @ 1920 × 1080
  • Maximum frame sizes are 2048 × 1080 for 2K DC, and 4096 × 2160 for 4K DC. Common formats are:
    • SMPTE (JPEG 2000)
      • Flat (1998 × 1080 or 3996 × 2160), = 1.85:1 aspect ratio
      • Scope (2048 × 858 or 4096 × 1716), ~2.39:1 aspect ratio
      • HDTV (1920 × 1080 or 3840 × 2160), 16:9 aspect ratio (~1.78:1) (although not specifically defined in the DCI specification, this resolution is DCI compliant per section 8.4.3.2).
      • Full (2048 × 1080 or 4096 × 2160) (~1.9:1 aspect ratio, official name by DCI is Full Container. Not widely accepted in cinemas.)
    • MXF Interop (MPEG-2) – Deprecated
      • Full Frame (1920 × 1080)
  • 12 bits per pixel precision (36 bits total)
  • XYZ colorspace
  • Maximum bit rate is 250 Mbit/s (1.3 MBytes per frame at 24 frame per second)

Sound MXF files

Sound contents are stored in reels, too, corresponding to picture reels in number and duration. In case of multilingual features, separate reels are required to convey different languages. Each file contains linear PCM essence.

  • Sampling rate is 48,000 or 96,000 samples per second
  • Sample precision of 24 bits
  • Linear mapping (no companding)
  • Up to 16 independent channels.

Asset map file

List of all files included in the DCP, in XML format.

Composition playlist file

Defines the playback order during presentation. The order is saved in XML format in this file; each picture and sound reel is identified by its UUID. In the following example, a reel is composed by picture and sound:

<Reel>
  <Id>urn:uuid:632437bc-73f9-49ca-b687-fdb3f98f430c</Id>
  <AssetList>
    <MainPicture>
      <Id>urn:uuid:46afe8a3-50be-4986-b9c8-34f4ba69572f</Id>
      <EditRate>24 1</EditRate>
      <IntrinsicDuration>340</IntrinsicDuration>
      <EntryPoint>0</EntryPoint>
      <Duration>340</Duration>
      <FrameRate>24 1</FrameRate>
      <ScreenAspectRatio>2048 858</ScreenAspectRatio>
    </MainPicture>
    <MainSound>
      <Id>urn:uuid:1fce0915-f8c7-48a7-b023-36e204a66ed1</Id>
      <EditRate>24 1</EditRate>
      <IntrinsicDuration>340</IntrinsicDuration>
      <EntryPoint>0</EntryPoint>
      <Duration>340</Duration>
    </MainSound>
  </AssetList>
</Reel>

Packing list file or PKL package key list

All files in the composition are hashed and their hash is stored here, in XML format. This file is generally used during ingestion in a digital cinema server to verify if data have been corrupted or tampered with in some way. For example, an MXF picture reel is identified by the following <asset> element:

<Asset>
  <Id>urn:uuid:46afe8a3-50be-4986-b9c8-34f4ba69572f</Id>
  <Hash>iqZ3X7TdAjAqniOxT2/hj66VCUU=</Hash>
  <Size>210598692</Size>
  <Type>application/x-smpte-mxf;asdcpKind=Picture</Type>
</Asset>

The hash value is the Base64 encoding of the SHA-1 checksum. It can be calculated with the command:

openssl sha1 -binary "FILE_NAME" | openssl base64

Volume index file

A single DCP may be stored in more than one medium (e.g., multiple hard disks). The XML file VOLINDEX is used to identify the volume order in the series.

3D DCP

The DCP format is also used to store stereoscopic (3D) contents. In this case, 48 frames exist for every second — 24 frames for the left eye, 24 frames for the right.

Depending on the projection system used, the left eye and right eye pictures are either shown alternatively (double or triple flash systems) at 48 fps or, on 4k systems, both left and right eye pictures are shown simultaneously, one above the other, at 24 fps. In triple flash systems, active shutter glasses are required whereas optical filtering such as circular polarisation is used in conjunction with passive glasses on polarized systems.

Since the maximum bit rate is always 250 Mbit/s, this results in a net 125 Mbit/s for single frame, but the visual quality decrease is generally unnoticeable.

DCP creation

Most film producers and distributors rely on digital cinema encoding facilities to produce and quality control check a digital cinema package before release. Facilities follow strict guidelines set out in the DCI recommendations to ensure compatibility with all digital cinema equipment. For bigger studio release films, the facility will usually create a DCDM (Digital Cinema Distribution Master).

A DCDM is the post-production step prior to a DCP. The frames are in XYZ TIFF format and both sound and picture are not yet wrapped into MXF files. A DCP can be encoded directly from a DCDM. A DCDM is useful for archiving purposes and also facilities can share them for international re-versioning purposes. They can easily be turned into alternative version DCPs for foreign territories. For smaller release films, the facility will usually skip the creation of a DCDM and instead encode directly from the DSM (Digital Source Master) the original film supplied to the encoding facility. A DSM can be supplied in a multitude of formats and color spaces. For this reason, the encoding facility needs to have extensive knowledge in color space handling including, on occasion, the use of 3D LUTs to carefully match the look of the finished DCP to a celluloid film print. This can be a highly involved process in which the DCP and the film print are "butterflied" (shown side by side) in a highly calibrated cinema.

Less demanding DCPs are encoded from tape formats such as HDCAM SR. Quality control checks are always performed in calibrated cinemas and carefully checked for errors. QC checks are often attended by colorists, directors, sound mixers and other personnel to check for correct picture and sound reproduction in the finished DCP.

DCP encryption

The distributor can choose to encrypt the media (MXF) files with AES encryption to stop unauthorised access. The symmetric AES keys used to encrypt the content essence must be carefully protected, so they are never distributed directly. Instead the AES keys are themselves encrypted using asymmetric 2048 bit RSA. Each playback system has its own unique public/private key pair. The private key is never shared and is buried in the playback systems within secure hardware meeting FIPS-140 security standards. The matching public key is shared with the distributor, who can then create Key Delivery Messages (KDMs) which control access to the encrypted content for each playback system. KDMs are XML files containing the RSA encrypted AES keys that can be decrypted only by the private key within the destination device. A KDM is associated to the particular compositions (CPLs) which may include multiple encrypted picture, sound and subtitle assets, and each playback system requires a uniquely generated KDM. KDMs also provide the ability to define date/time windows within which the KDM is valid. Playback systems will not allow playback outside of this validity window, allowing distributors to ensure that content cannot be unlocked prior to release date and to enforce the rental agreement period agreed with the exhibitor.

DCP delivery methods

The most common method uses a specialist hard disk (most commonly the CRU DX115) designed specifically for digital cinema servers to ingest from. These hard drives were originally designed for military use but have since been adopted by digital cinema for their hard wearing and reliable characteristics. The hard disk drives are usually formatted with the Linux ext2 or ext3 file system as D-Cinema servers are typically Linux-based and are required to have read support for these file systems. Usually the inode is set to 128 bits to avoid compatibility issues with some servers. NTFS and FAT32 are also occasionally used. Hard drive units are normally hired from a digital cinema encoding company, sometimes in quantities of thousands. Drives are commonly shipped in protective hard cases. The drives are delivered via express courier to the exhibition site. Other methods adopt a full digital delivery, using either dedicated satellite links or high-speed Internet connections.[9]

For example, theaters received Cats before opening day, Friday 20 December 2019. When the film received poor reviews after its world premiere on 16 December, Universal notified theaters on 20 December that an updated version of the film with "some improved visual effects" would be available for download on 22 December and on hard drive by 24 December.[10]

DCP and KDM creation tools
DCP creation tools
Name GUI CLI JPEG 2000 XYZ MXF XML Frame size 3D Frame rate (frame/s) Sampling rate (kHz) Multi-threaded Input formats Notes OS License
 
AutoDCP YesNoYesYesYesYes2KNo2448YesMultipleCloud based encoder running on Amazon Web ServicesAny supported by DropboxNo license
2DCP_GUI YesYesYesYesYesYes2K, 4KYes24, 4848, 96YesMultiplePicture scalingWindowsFreeware
Blackmagic Design DaVinci Resolve YesNoYesYesYesYes 2K, 4KYes 16, 18.18, 20, 21.82, 23.98, 24, 25, 29.97, 30, 47.95, 48, 50, 59.94, 60, 72, 96 48, 96Yes Multiple, bas on Resolve Toolset Resolve is still compatible with an EasyDCP plugin but has now implemented native DCP/XML export utilising the kakadu encoder Windows, MacOS, Linux Studio version, watermark in Free version
CineSend YesNoYesYesYesYes2K, 4KYes24, 25, 30, 4848YesMultipleAzure encoding with web app interfaceWeb BasedCommercial License
CineCert AS-DCP File Access Library NoYesNoNoYesNo2K, 4KYes24, 25, 30, 48, 50, 6048, 96YesJ2K, WAV, XMLNeeds separate codecWindows, Mac OS X, LinuxBSD-like
Dolby/Doremi CineAsset YesYesYesYesYesYes2K, 4KYes16, 18.18, 20, 21.82, 23.98, 24, 25, 29.97, 30, 47.95, 48, 50, 59.94, 60, 72, 9648, 96Yes (plus parallel network computing architecture)Multiple formats,[11] TIFF, DPX, and othersCinePlayer (Software DCP player) is included for Windows and Mac users
CineExport (DCP and KDM creation tool) is included for Mac users
Can generate encrypted DCP's and KDM's for encrypted content
Evaluation version
API		Windows, Mac OS XCommercial license
Cinemaslides NoYesYes[12]Yes[13]Yes[14]Yes2K, 4KNo24, 25, 30, 48, 50, 6048, 96NoAll known image[13] and audio[15] formatsEncryption, KDM generation, Theater Key Retrieval element (TKR), Composition MetadataLinuxGPLv3
CineFutureDCP NoYesYesYesYesYes2K, 4KYes24, 25, 30, 48, 50, 60, 96, 100, 12048,96YesMultiple formats,[11]LinuxCommercial license
CineFutureKDM YesNoNoNoNoNoSMPTE Web based KDM Generator for Hungarian, Romanian, Slovakian, Czech cinemas. With database update to any country.Web BasedCommercial license
DVS Clipster YesNoYesYesYesYes2K, 4KYes24, 4848Multiple formatsWindowsCommercial license
CuteDCP YesNoYes[12]YesYes[14]Yes2KYes24, 25, 30, 48, 50, 60, 72, 9648, 96YesMultiple formatsPlug-in for Adobe After EffectsWindows, Mac OS XCommercial license
CuteDCP_Pr YesNoYes[12]YesYes[14]Yes2K, 4KYes24, 25, 30, 48, 50, 60, 72, 9648, 96YesMultiple formatsPlug-in for Adobe Premiere ProWindows, Mac OS XCommercial license
CuteDCPTools YesNoYes[12]YesYes[14]Yes2K, 4KYes24, 25, 30, 48, 50, 60, 72, 9648, 96YesMultiple formatsDCP Mastering Plug-in for Adobe After EffectsWindows, Mac OS XCommercial license
DCPC – Digital Cinema Package Creator YesNoYes[12]Yes[13]Yes[14]Yes2K, 4KYes24, 25, 30, 48, 50, 6048YesMultiple formatsEncryption, Subtitle, MPEG2 DCP, 7.1, 3D HFRWindows
MEL - Online KDM Generator YesNoNoNoNoNo2K, 4KYes24, 25, 30, 48, 50, 6048NoNAA web based KDM generator for UK cinemasWeb basedCommercial license
Prism DCP Encoder YesNoYes[12]Yes[13]Yes[14]Yes2K, 4KYes24, 4848YesDPX, CIN, TIFF, PNG, BMP, TGA, JPGPicture scaling presetsWindowsCommercial license
Inition DCP Pro YesNoYesYesYesYes2KYes2448Multiple formatsNetwork encoding of JPEG 2000 filesWindowsCommercial license
DCP Tool YesNoYes[16]YesYesYes2K, 4KYes24, 4848YesTIFF, DPX, WAV, AIFFTwo separate toolsWindowsCommercial license
Dietrich NoYesYesYesYesYes2K, 4KYes24, 25, 30, 48, 50, 6048, 96DCDM, DCP, MXF, XMLEncryption, key management, KDM generation, package validation, subtitlesLinux
YADEtech DCP encoder YesYesYesYesYesYes2K, 4KYes24, 25, 30, 48, 50, 6048, 96YesTIFF, PNG, BMP, DPX, J2K, XML, DCP, DCDM, MXFEncryption; KDM and key management; Interop/SMPTE subtiltes; uses ultra fast, proprietary jpeg2000 codec (jade2k); highly scalableWindows, Linux, WebCommercial license
DCP-o-matic YesYesYesYesYesYes2K, 4KYes24, 25, 30, 48, 50, 6048, 96YesMultipleUpload to TMS; network J2K renderingWindows, Linux, Mac OS XGPL
easyDCP Creator YesNoYes[16]YesYes[14]Yes2K, 4KNo24, 25, 30, 48, 50, 6048YesDPX, TIFF, J2K, JPEG, GIF, PNG, BMPWindows, Mac OS XCommercial license
easyDCP Creator+ YesYesYes[16]YesYes[14]Yes2K, 4KYes24, 25, 30, 48, 50, 6048YesDPX, TIFF, J2K, JPEG, GIF, PNG, BMP, QuickTimeSupports KDM and encryption with included easyDCP KDM GeneratorWindows, Mac OS XCommercial license
FinalDCP Commercial Edition YesNo, but batch processingYesYesYesYes2K, 4KYes16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 25, 30, 48, 50, 60, 96, 100, 120, all SMPTE and InterOp48Yes (plus parallel network computing architecture)AVI, QuickTime, Apple ProRes, AVID DNxHD, Edius HQX, RED R3D, GoPro-CineForm, GoPro-CineForm3D, DPC (DPX-C), DPX, TIFF, MPEG4, JPEG2000, MXF, etc.Easy to use drag'n'drop User Interface, automated ISDCF compliant Digital Cinema Naming Convention support, zero configuration massive parallel network rendering architecture, preview editor, cropping, scaling, padding, color preprocessing, audio rate conversionWindows, Mac OS XCommercial license
FinalDCP FREE Edition YesNo, but batch processingYesYesYesYes2K, 4KYes16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 25, 30, 48, 50, 60, 96, 100, 120, all SMPTE and InterOp48Yes (plus parallel network computing architecture)AVI, QuickTime, Apple ProRes, AVID DNxHD, Edius HQX, RED R3D, GoPro-CineForm, GoPro-CineForm3D, DPC (DPX-C), DPX, TIFF, MPEG4, MXF, etc.Easy to use drag'n'drop User Interface, Automated ISDCF compliant Digital Cinema Naming Convention support, zero configuration massive parallel network rendering architecture, unlimited render nodes, preview editor, cropping, scaling, padding, color preprocessing, audio rate conversionWindows, Mac OS XCommercial license Demo, superimposes logo, needs registration
Extron J2KENC YesNoYesYesYesNo2KYes2448NoBMP, DPX, PNG, TGA, TIFFWindowsCommercial license
Marquise Technologies MIST (Media Ingest Stream Transcode) YesNoYes[17]YesYes[17]Yes[17]2K, 4KYes24, 25, 30, 48, 50, 6048YesMultiple formatsInterop and SMPTE subtitles.
Automated ISDCF compliant Digital Cinema Naming Convention support.		WindowsCommercial license
DCP Format YesYesYesYesYes2K, 4KYes24, 30, 48, 50, 6048DPX, Cin, Tiff 8, Tiff 16, TGA, BMP, SGI, RAW, RGB, YUV, WaveLinuxCommercial license
opencinematools YesYesYes[12]NoYes[14]Yes2K, 4KYes24, 4848NoTIFFWindows, Mac OS X, LinuxBSD
OpenCubeDCP YesNoYesYesYesYes2K, 4KYes24, 4848DPX, CIN, TIFF, TGA, BMP, SGI, RAW, RGB, YUV, WAVRack mounted unitLinuxCommercial license
OpenDCP YesYesYes[12]YesYes[14]Yes2K, 4KYes24, 25, 30, 48, 50, 6048, 96YesTIFF, DPX, BMP, CINXML file generation with digital signatures. Naming Convention support. SMPTE subtitles.Windows, Mac OS X, LinuxGPL
intoPIX PRISTINE J2K Accelerator NoYesYesNoNoNo2K, 4KYes24, 25, 30, 48, 50, 60Multiple formatsUp to 100 fps in 2K, up to 24 fps in 4K, PCIe board, Accelerate any DCP opensource tool, Direct Interop with EasyDCP CreatorWindows, LinuxCommercial license
QubeMaster Pro YesNoYesYesYesYes2K, 4KYes24, 25, 30, 48, 50, 6048, 96YesMultiple formats DPX, CIN, TIFF, TGA, BMP, AVI, QT, ASF, AUD, WAV, TXTWindowsCommercial license
Dolby/Doremi Rapid & RAPID2x YesYesYesYesYesYes2K, 4KYes24, 48, 23, 25, 29, 30, 47, 50, 59, 6048, 96YesTIFF, DPX, WAV, J2cHD-SDI Capture capabilities (licensed option), KDM Generation, Image Sequencing ToolRed Hat LinuxCommercial license
Dolby SCC2000 YesNoYesYesYesYes2K, 4KYes24, 25, 30, 48, 50, 6048, 96All common D-Cinema master file formatsStandalone unit, render farmLinuxCommercial license
CineCert Wailua DCP Mastering System NoYesYesYesYesYes2K, 4KYes24, 25, 30, 48, 50, 6048, 96YesTIF, DPX, J2K, MXF, WAV, XMLDCP testing (individual assets and entire packages), Support for creating partial ("supplemental") DCPs, Encryption, KDM creation, Extensive Python API; Kii add-on module required for JP2K compression, colorspace conversion, and pixel array resizingMac OS X, LinuxCommercial License
QuVIS Wraptor YesNoYesYesYesYes2KNo2448Multiple formatsPlugin for Compressor in Final Cut Studio. Works well with all versions of FCP and Compressor.Mac OS XCommercial license
QubeMaster Xpress YesNoYesYesYesYes2KNo2448YesMultiple formatsWindowsCommercial license
QubeMaster Xport YesNoYesYesYesYes2K, 4KYes24, 25, 30, 48, 50, 6048YesMultiple formatsPlugin for Compressor in Final Cut Studio.Mac OS XCommercial license

Software DCP players
Software DCP players
Name DCP support Supplemental DCP support DCP ingest Able to place intermissions into the middle of CPLs Encrypted MXF Subtitles Closed captioning KDM Full-screen Enforced HDCP or DPCP link encryption Frame size 3D Deep color ICC profiles for display devices HD-SDI Frame rate (frame/s) Sampling rate (kHz) MXF Multichannel Audio Labeling (SMPTE 377-4:2012) Input formats GUI OS License
Archimedia Atlas & Iris YesNoYesNoYesYesYesYesYesNo2K, 4KNoYesNoYesall frame rates48, 96NoDCP, MXF, XMLYesWindowsCommercial license
Blackmagic Design DaVinci Resolve YesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoYesNo 2K, 4KNoYesYesYes all frame rates 48, 96No DCP, MXF, XMLYes Windows, MacOS, Linux Studio and Free version
DCP-o-matic Player YesYesYesNoYesYesYesYesYesNo2K, 4KYesYesNoYesall frame rates48, 96YesDCPYesWindows, Linux, Mac OS XGPL
Dolby/Doremi CineAsset Player YesYesYesNoYesYesYesYesYesNo2K, 4KNoYesNoYesall frame rates48, 96NoDCP, MXF, XMLYesWindows, Mac OS XCommercial license
dcpPlayer YesNoNoNoNoYesNoNoYesNo2K, 4KYesYesNoNo1-10048, 96NoDCP, MXF, XMLYesWindowsCommercial license
easyDCP Player+ YesYesNoNoYesYesYesYesYesNo2K, 4KYesYesNoYes1-10048, 96,99YesDCP, MXF, XMLYesWindows, Mac OS XCommercial license
easyDCP Player YesYesNoNoNoYesYesNoYesNo2K, 4KNoYesNoYes1-10048, 96YesDCP, MXF, XMLYesWindows, Mac OS XCommercial license
FinalDCP Player YesNoYesNoYesYesNoYesYesNo2K, 4KYesYesNoYes1-10048, 96NoDCP, MXF, XMLYesWindows, Mac OS XCommercial license
NeoDCP Player Professional YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes2K, 4KYesYesYesYesall frame rates48, 96YesDCP, MXF, XML, NEPYesWindowsCommercial license
NeoDCP Player Ultimate 4K YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes2K, 4KYesYesYesYesall frame rates48, 96YesDCP, MXF, XML, NEPYesWindowsCommercial license
NeoDCP Player Ultimate 2K YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes2KNoYesYesYesall frame rates48, 96YesDCP, MXF, XML, NEPYesWindowsCommercial license
NeoDCP Player Classic YesNoNoYesNoYesYesNoYesNo2K, 4KYesYesYesYesall frame rates48, 96YesDCP, MXF, XML, NEPYesWindowsCommercial license
NeoDCP Player Basic YesNoNoNoNoYesYesNoNoNo2KNoNoYesNoall frame rates48, 96YesDCP, MXF, XML, NEPYesWindowsCommercial license

Notes
  1. "DCI Digital Cinema System Specification v. 1.0". Digital Cinema Initiatives. July 20, 2005 [2005]. p. 1.
  2. Jim Whittlesey. "InterOP vs SMPTE DCP" (PDF). SMPTE. p. 5.
  3. "DCP". Cinepedia.
  4. "Composition". Cinepedia.
  5. "Interop DCP". Cinepedia.
  6. Michael Karagosian. "What's Wrong With the DCP?". Digital Cinema Report.
  7. "SMPTE DCP Authorizing Guidelines v1" (PDF). ISDCF.
  8. "Digital Cinema Initiative Distribution Package (DCP), Version 1.0". Sustainability of Digital Formats Planning for Library of Congress Collections. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2013-08-24.
  9. https://deadline.com/2017/03/about-75-screens-receive-movies-via-satellite-digital-cinema-dcdc-1202048869/
  10. McClintock, Pamela (2019-12-21). "Universal Notifies Theaters 'Cats' Is Being Updated With "Improved Visual Effects"". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2019-12-22.
  11. Using FFmpeg
  12. Using OpenJPEG
  13. Using ImageMagick
  14. Using CineCert AS-DCP File Access Library
  15. Using SoX
  16. Using Kakadu
  17. "DCI Mastering Focus Sheet" (PDF). Marquise Technologies. 2012. Retrieved 2013-08-24.
gollark: 9 is clearly citrons's, also.
gollark: LOOK at it. They use `LIMIT -1` for no apparent reason and string interpolation for parameters.
gollark: Also, please stop accusing me of writing 11, people, it's actually quite bad.
gollark: Oh, neat.
gollark: Regarding 14, do you REALLY think I would use LOW-LEVEL things like bitops?
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