Department of Health (Philippines)

The Department of Health (abbreviated as DOH; Filipino: Kagawaran ng Kalusugan) is the executive department of the Government of the Philippines responsible for ensuring access to basic public health services by all Filipinos through the provision of quality health care and the regulation of all health services and products. It is the government's over-all technical authority on health.[2] It has its headquarters at the San Lazaro Compound, along Rizal Avenue in Manila.

Department of Health
Kagawaran ng Kalusugan
Department overview
FormedSeptember 10, 1898
HeadquartersSan Lazaro Compound, Rizal Avenue, Santa Cruz, Manila
14°36′55.95″N 120°58′54.99″E
MottoFloreat Salubritas Populi, Promotion of health for the people
Annual budget₱101.02 billion (2020)[1]
Department executive
Websitewww.doh.gov.ph

The head of the department is led by the Secretary of Health, currently Francisco Duque, nominated by the President of the Philippines and confirmed by the Commission on Appointments. The Health Secretary is a member of the Cabinet.

History

Americans assembled a military Board of Health on September 10, 1898, with its formal organization on September 29. Upon its creation, Dr. Frank S. Bourns is assigned as president while Dr. C. L. Mullins is assigned as assistant surgeon.[3] The purpose of this Board of Health was to care for injured American troops but as the hostilities between Filipinos and Americans waned in 1901, a civilian Board of Health was now deemed appropriate with Dr. L. M. Maus as the first health commissioner.

In the early 1900s, 200,222 lives including 66,000 children were lost; three percent of the population was decimated in the worst epidemic in Philippine health history. In view of this, the Americans organized and erected several institutions, including the Bureau of Governmental Laboratories, which was built in 1901 for medical research and vaccine production.

The Americans, led by Dean Worcester built the UP College of Medicine and Surgery in 1905, with Johns Hopkins University serving as a blueprint, at the time, one of the best medical schools in the world. By 1909, nursing instruction was also begun at the Philippine Normal School. In terms of public health, the Americans improved on the sewer system and provided a safer water supply.

In 1915, the Bureau of Health was reorganized and renamed into the Philippine Health Service. During the succeeding years leadership and a number of health institutions were already being given to Filipinos, in accordance with the Organic Act of 1916. On January 1, 1919, Dr. Vicente De Jesus became the first Filipino to head the Health portfolio.

In 1933, after a reorganization, the Philippine Health Service reverted to being known as the Bureau of Health. It was during this time that it pursued its official journal, The Health Messenger and established Community Health and Social Centers, precursors to today's Barangay Health Centers.

By 1936, as Governor-General Frank Murphy was assuming the post of United States High Commissioner, he would remark that the Philippines led all oriental countries in terms of health status.[4]

When the Commonwealth of the Philippines was inaugurated, Dr. Jose Fabella was named chief of the Bureau of Health. In 1936, Dr. Fabella reviewed the Bureau of Health's organization and made an inventory of its existing facilities, which consisted of 11 community and social health centers, 38 hospitals, 215 puericulture centers, 374 sanitary divisions, 1,535 dispensaries and 72 laboratories.

In the 1940s, the Bureau of Health was reorganized into the Department of Health and Public Welfare, still under Fabella. During this time, the major priorities of the agency were tuberculosis, malnutrition, malaria, leprosy, gastrointestinal disease, and the high infant mortality rate.

When the Japanese occupied the Philippines, they dissolved the National Government and replaced it with the Central Administrative Organization of the Japanese Army. Health was relegated to the Department of Education, Health and Public Welfare under Commissioner Claro M. Recto.

In 1944, President Manuel Roxas signed Executive Order (E.O.) No. 94 into law, calling for the creation of the Department of Health. Dr. Antonio C. Villarama as appointed Secretary. A new Bureau of Hospitals and a Bureau of Quarantine was created under DOH. Under E.O. 94, the Institute of Nutrition was created in 1948 to coordinate various nutrition activities of the different agencies.

On February 20, 1958, Executive Order 288 provided for the reorganization of the Department of Health. This entailed a partial decentralization of powers and created eight Regional Health Offices. Under this setup, the Secretary of Health passed on some of responsibilities to the regional offices and directors.

One of the priorities of the Marcos administration was health maintenance. From 1975 to the mid-eighties, four specialty hospitals were built in succession. The first three institutions were spearheaded by First Lady Imelda Marcos. The Philippine Heart Center was established on February 14, 1975 with Dr. Avelino Aventura as director. Second, the Philippine Children's Medical Center was built in 1979. Then in 1983, the National Kidney and Transplant Institute was set up. This was soon followed by the Lung Center of the Philippines, which was constructed under the guidance of Health Minister Dr. Enrique Garcia.

With a shift to a parliamentary form of government, the Department of Health was transformed into the Ministry of Health on June 2, 1978 with Dr. Clemente S. Gatmaitan as the first health minister. On April 13, 1987, the Department of Health was created from the previous Ministry of Health with Dr. Alfredo R. A. Bengzon as secretary of health.

On December 17, 2016 Health Secretary Paulyn Jean Rossel-Ubial announced that in 2017 the government will start paying the hospital bills and medicines of poor Filipinos. She said that the Department of Health (DOH) is capable of taking care of the hospital bills and medicines of poor Filipinos owing to its bigger budget starting in 2017.

A total of ₽96.336 billion was allocated to the DOH in the 2017 national budget, which includes funds for the construction of additional health facilities and drug rehabilitation centers. Ubial said poor patients in government hospitals do not even have to present Philhealth cards when they avail of assistance. She added that poor patients will no longer be billed by government hospitals.

Ubial said President Rodrigo Duterte is keen on implementing the program to help poor Filipinos in all parts of the country. She said Philhealth will remain a partner of government hospitals in serving the poor. [5]

Senator Loren Legarda, chair of the Senate committee on finance said that the proposed ₽3.35-trillion national budget for 2017 will provide healthcare assistance to all Filipinos, said an additional ₽3 billion was allocated to the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth) to ensure coverage for all Filipinos.

“The Department of Health (DOH) said there are some eight million Filipinos still not covered by PhilHealth. It is our duty, in serving the public, to extend basic healthcare protection to all our people. That is why we pushed for the augmentation of the PhilHealth’s budget so that in 2017, we achieve universal healthcare coverage,” she said.

Legarda said universal healthcare coverage means that any non-member of PhilHealth will automatically be made a member upon availment of healthcare service in a public hospital.

List of Secretaries of Health
Main article: Secretary of Health (Philippines)

Organizational Structure

At present, the Department is headed by the Secretary of Health, with five undersecretaries and seven assistant secretaries.

  • Undersecretary for Health Regulation
  • Undersecretary for Field Implementation and Management
  • Undersecretary for Health Service Development
  • Undersecretary for Technical Services
  • Undersecretary for Policy and Health Systems
  • Undersecretary for Administration, Finance and Procurement
  • Assistant Secretary for Technical Services
  • Assistant Secretary for Administration, Finance and Procurement
  • Assistant Secretary for Special Concerns
  • Assistant Secretary for Health Regulation
  • Assistant Secretary for Field Implementation and Management
  • Assistant Secretary for Mindanao Cluster

Bureaus

The DOH is composed of bureaus, namely:

  • Epidemiology Bureau (formerly National Epidemiology Center)
  • Bureau of Health Devices and Technology
  • Bureau of Health Facilities and Services
  • Bureau of International Health Cooperation
  • Bureau of Local Health Systems Development
  • Bureau of Quarantine
  • Disease Prevention and Control Bureau (formerly National Center for Disease Prevention and Control)
  • Food and Drug Administration
  • Health Emergency Management Bureau
  • Health Facility Development Bureau (formerly National Center For Health Facilities Development)
  • Health Human Resources Development Bureau
  • Health Policy Development and Planning Bureau

Attached agencies and hospitals

Attached agencies

The following agencies and councils are attached to the DOH for policy and program coordination:

Retained hospitals

The following hospitals are directly under the DOH:[5]

DOH Hospitals Specialty Hospitals
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References
  1. Aika Rey (January 8, 2020). "Where will the money go?". Rappler. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
  2. "DOH Profile". Retrieved January 17, 2013.
  3. Seventh Annual Report of the Philippine Commission Part 2. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1907. p. 58.
  4. 1930's: Passing the Torch
  5. "DOH Hospitals". Retrieved January 18, 2013.
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