Dendrobium linguiforme

Dendrobium linguiforme, commonly known as the thumbnail orchid, tick orchid[2] or tongue orchid,[3] is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It grows on trees or on rocks, with wiry, prostrate stems, prostrate, fleshy leaves and spikes of up to twenty white to cream-coloured flowers in early spring.

Tongue orchid
Growing near the Chandler River
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Tribe: Dendrobieae
Subtribe: Dendrobiinae
Genus: Dendrobium
Species:
D. linguiforme
Binomial name
Dendrobium linguiforme
Synonyms[1]
  • Callista linguiformis (Sw.) Kuntze
  • Dockrillia linguiformis (Sw.) Briege

Description

Dendrobium linguiforme is an epiphytic or lithophytic orchid with prostrate stems that produce wiry roots along almost their whole length. The roots are 1–4 cm (0.4–2 in) long and 3–4 mm (0.1–0.2 in) in diameter. There is a single leaf at the end of each branch of the stem. The leaf is oblong to egg-shaped, 2–4 cm (0.8–2 in) long and 8–15 mm (0.3–0.6 in) wide. It is 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) thick and succulent with the upper surface smooth but with ridges and furrows. Up to twenty flowers are arranged in a raceme 5–15 cm (2–6 in) long. The dorsal sepal is linear to narrow lance-shaped, 15–22 mm (0.6–0.9 in) long and 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) wide, the lateral sepals are 18–22 mm (0.7–0.9 in) long and 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) wide, the petals slightly smaller. The petals and sepals are white to cream-coloured. The labellum is cream-coloured with pale purple markings and is 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) long and 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) wide. Flowering occurs in September and October.[3][4][5]

Taxonomy and naming

The species was first formally described in 1800 by Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and the description was published in Kongliga Vetenskaps Academiens Nya Handlingar.[6][7] In 1981, the German botanist, Friedrich Brieger transferred the species to Dockrillia as D. linguiformis[8] but the change has not been accepted by the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney and other sources.[3][1] The specific epithet (linguiforme) is derived from the Latin words lingua meaning "tongue"[9]:805 and forma meaning "shape".[9]:46

Distribution and habitat

Tongue orchid occurs in New South Wales and Queensland where it grows on rocks and trees, usually in sclerophyll forest and sometimes in rainforest or in rocky places. In New South Wales it occurs on the coast and tablelands north of Ulladulla and inland as far as Gungal and Tamworth.[3] In Queensland it is found from the Atherton Tableland to Townsville and south from Gympie to the New South Wales border.[5]

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References
  1. "Dendrobium linguiforme". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
  2. Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 390. ISBN 1877069124.
  3. Weston, Peter H. "Dendrobium linguiforme". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney: plantnet. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  4. Carolin, Roger Charles (1994). Flora of the Sydney region (4th ed.). Chatswood, NSW: Reed. ISBN 0730104001.
  5. "Dockrillia linguiformis". Australian Tropic Rainforest Orchids: trin keys. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  6. "Dendrobium linguiforme". APNI. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  7. Swartz, Olof (1800). "Orchidernes flagter och arter upstallde". Kongliga Vetenskaps Academiens Nya Handlingar. 21: 247. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  8. "Dockrillia linguiformis". APNI. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  9. Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
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