Dekeyser's nectar bat

Dekeyser's nectar bat (Lonchophylla dekeyseri) is a bat species from South America. It is found in Brazil and Bolivia.[1][2]

Dekeyser's nectar bat
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Phyllostomidae
Genus: Lonchophylla
Species:
L. dekeyseri
Binomial name
Lonchophylla dekeyseri
Taddei et al., 1983

Discovery and etymology

This species was initially encountered in August 1970 in Brasília National Park. It was described in 1983 by Valdir Taddei, Luiz Vizotto, and Ivan Sazima.[3] The species was named dekeyseri in honor of French zoologist Pierre Louis Dekeyser.[4]

Description

They weigh approximately 10.7 g (0.38 oz). Their forearms are about 35 mm (1.4 in) long.[5] Their dental formula is 2.1.2.32.1.3.3 Their abdomens are paler than their backs.[6] It is considered one of the smaller members of its genus.[7] They have a relatively short skull compared to other Lonchophylla species. Their nose-leaf is small, measuring 6.8 mm (0.27 in) long and 4.6 mm (0.18 in) wide. Their ears are 14 mm (0.55 in) long and 9.5 mm (0.37 in) wide. The tragus tapers to a point, and is about 5 mm (0.20 in) long. The lower lip is grooved, and bordered with small, wart-like protuberances. The calcar is pronounced but short, at 5 mm (0.20 in) long.[3]

Biology and ecology

Their home range is 564–640 ha (2.18–2.47 sq mi). Home ranges consist of almost equal parts of the cerrado biome and pasture.[5] It feeds on nectar. Plants comprising its diet include Hymenaea stigonocarpa, members of the Bauhinia genus (B. cupulata, B. multinervia, B. brevipes, B. megalandra, B. pauletia, B. ungulata, B. rufa), and Luehea trees.[8][9][10][11][12] They also consume nectar from plants of the Lafoensia and Pseudobombax genera. In the dry season, which is when nectar is most abundant, they feed predominantly on nectar. In the wet season, however, they will increase their insect and fruit consumption.[13] Pups are found July through November. They are thought to be monoestrous, breeding only once per year. Because the roosts contain more females than males, it is possible that they have a harem social structure. They emerge from their roosts shortly after dusk, and return just before dawn in the rainy season. In the dry season, they will return briefly around midnight before leaving again, returning again before dawn.[2] They have 28 chromosomes.[14]

Habitat and range

This bat is endemic to the Cerrado of Brazil. It is dependent on caves for its roosts during the day. It is found in dry forests with calcareous outcroppings.[2]

Conservation

One of the threats to this species is inappropriate efforts to eradicate vampire bats. Vampire bat culling techniques are often applied indiscriminately, and end up killing other species of bat, including endangered species. Methods include lighting dynamite in caves or cementing caves shut during the day while bats are roosting. Current vampire bat management practices have serious and significant negative effects on its population.[15] In 1996, this species was evaluated as vulnerable by the IUCN, which was later revised to near threatened in 2008. In 2016, its status was again revised to endangered. It is listed as endangered because the population likely consists of fewer than 2,500 individuals, its distribution is patchy and limited, and its suitable habitat is rapidly declining. There are six identified subpopulations; each is thought to have fewer than 100 individuals. Because it is associated with karstic landscapes, it is threatened by disturbance from mining.[2]

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gollark: Which are not actually functions.
gollark: Due to browsers.
gollark: Unfortunately, JS took over the world utterly.
gollark: Well, prototypes will reconfuse you, don't worry.

References
  1. Griffiths, T.A. and Gardner, A.L. 2008. Subfamily Glossophaginae Bonaparte, 1845. In: A.L. Gardner (ed.), Mammals of South America. Volume 1, pp. 224-244. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
  2. Aguiar, L. & Bernard, E. 2016. Lonchophylla dekeyseri. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T12264A22038149. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T12264A22038149.en. Downloaded on 08 September 2017.
  3. TADDEI, V. A., VIZOTTO, L. D., & SAZIMA, I. (1983). PARA IDENTIFICAÇÃO DAS ESPÉCIES DO GÊNERO (CHIROPTERA, PHYLLOS. Ciência e Cultura, 35(5).
  4. Beolens, B., Watkins, M., & Grayson, M. (2009). The eponym dictionary of mammals. JHU Press.
  5. Aguiar, L., Bernard, E., & Machado, R. B. (2014). Habitat use and movements of Glossophaga soricina and Lonchophylla dekeyseri (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in a Neotropical savannah. Zoologia (Curitiba), 31(3), 223-229.
  6. Moratelli, R., & Dias, D. (2015). A new species of nectar-feeding bat, genus Lonchophylla, from the Caatinga of Brazil (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae). ZooKeys, (514), 73.
  7. Woodman, N. (2007). A new species of nectar-feeding bat, genus Lonchophylla, from western Colombia and western Ecuador (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 120(3), 340-358.
  8. Gibbs, P.E.; P.E. Oliveira & M.B. Bianchi. 1999. Postzygotic control selfing in Hymenaea stigonocarpa (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), a bat-pollinated tree of the Brazilian cerrados. International Journal of Plant Sciences 160 (1): 72-78
  9. Gribel, R. & J. D. Hay. 1993. Pollination ecology of Caryocar brasiliensis (Caryocaraceae) in Central Brazil cerrado vegetation. Journal of Tropical Ecology 9 (2): 199-211. doi: 10.1017/S0266467400007173
  10. Heithaus, E.R.; T.H. Fleming & P.A. Opler. 1975. Foraging patterns and resource utilization in seven species of bats in a seasonal tropical forest. Ecology 56 (4): 841-854.
  11. Hokche, O. & N. Ramírez. 1990. Pollination ecology of seven species of Bauhinia L. (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae). Annals of Missouri Botanical Garden 77 (3): 559-572.
  12. Ramírez, N.; C. Sobrevila; N.X. Enrech & T. Ruiz-Zapata. 1984. Floral biology and breeding system of Bauhinia benthamiana Taub. (Leguminosae), a bat-pollinated tree in Venezuelan Llanos. American Journal of Botany 71 (2): 273-280.
  13. Coelho, D. C., & Marinho-Filho, J. (2002). Diet and activity of Lonchophylla dekeyseri (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) in the Federal District, Brazil. Mammalia, 66(3), 319-330.
  14. Almeida, B., Novaes, R. L. M., Aguieiras, M., de França Souza, R., Esbérard, C. E. L., & Geise, L. (2016). Karyotype of three Lonchophylla species (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) from Southeastern Brazil. Comparative cytogenetics, 10(1), 109.
  15. Aguiar, L. M., Brito, D., & Machado, R. B. (2010). Do current vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) population control practices pose a threat to Dekeyser's nectar bat's (Lonchophylla dekeyseri) long-term persistence in the Cerrado?. Acta Chiropterologica, 12(2), 275-282.
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