Dehydroemetine

Dehydroemetine is a synthetically produced antiprotozoal agent similar to emetine in its anti-amoebic properties and structure (they differ only in a double bond next to the ethyl substituent), but it produces fewer side effects. In the United States, it is manufactured by Roche.

Dehydroemetine
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.comInternational Drug Names
ATC code
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ECHA InfoCard100.023.220
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC29H38N2O4
Molar mass478.633 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
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Mechanism

Its exact mechanism is not known, but in vitro it inhibits translocation.[1]

Uses

It was at one-time, but is no longer distributed by the Center for Disease Control on a compassionate use basis as an investigational drug for the treatment of metronidazole-resistant amoebiasis.[2]

Amoebic infections

Some examples of the use of dehydroemetine in the treatment of amoebic infections include:

  1. In 1993, the successful treatment of cutaneous amebiasis in a 7-year-old girl with dehydroemetine and metronidazole in Mexico.[3]
  2. A double-blind study of oral dehydroemetine in the treatment of amoebiasis performed at St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Medical College, Seoul, Republic of Korea in 1973-1974 showed dehydroemetine treatment was effective. A total of 60 patients were treated, 20 with dehydroemetine, 20 with Tiberal, and 20 with metronidazole. One-fourth of the patients treated with dehydroemetine reported adverse reactions, compared to 20% with other drugs, but no patient discontinued therapy due to the reaction. In all three cases, the drug therapy resulted in clearance of the infection, defined as negative results through an O&P exam, in all but 1-2 patients.[4]
  1. A 1979 study of 27 patients treated with dehydroemetine and various other drugs suggested all drug combinations were successful at treating amoebic liver abscesses.[5]
  2. A 1986 in vitro study compared the effects of dehydroemetine, metronidazole, ornidazole, and secnidazole on Entamoeba histolytica. Metronidazole was found to be most effective, and the other three drugs were of similar effectiveness.[6]

In other diseases

A 2020 in-vitro study found dehydroemetine to be effective in malaria.[7]

A 1980 report described the use of dehydroemetine in treatment of herpes zoster, a condition which can produce painful neurological symptoms. The study involved 40 patients, all of whom were over 60, and compared dehydroemetine treatment to another drug. The study reported patients treated with dehydroemetine experienced relief of neuralgia with no changes in cardiovascular functions.[8]

Dehydroemetine has been investigated as a treatment for Leishmania infection.[9]


gollark: Ignoring epidemiological implications for a moment, I think that in general having a big fraction of the population unable to work instead of a small one is... well, worse, since fewer people can work and less stuff can get done.
gollark: That's worse?
gollark: ... no?
gollark: I should stick this on a spare monitor/RPi or something.
gollark: Like, say, killing anyone who tests positive, which probably nobody but North Korea is doing.

References
  1. Abdi, Y. A. (1995). Handbook of drugs for tropical parasitic infections. Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis. p. 47. ISBN 0-7484-0168-7.
  2. "Center for Disease Control NCID Formulary". Retrieved 2007-09-09.
  3. Magaña-García M, Arista-Viveros A (1993). "Cutaneous amebiasis in children". Pediatric Dermatology. 10 (4): 352–5. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1470.1993.tb00397.x. PMID 8302738.
  4. Chong-Hwee, Chun; Pil-Won, Park; O-Jeung, Lee; Soo-Young, Pak. "Amoebic Comparative Double Blind Trials of Tiberal Compared with Metronidazole and Oral Dehydroemetine in Oligosymptomatie Amoebiasis". Korean Medical Database. The Korean Society of Infectious Diseases & Korean Society for Chemotherapy. 6 (1): 97–104. Retrieved November 9, 2015.
  5. Peters M, Dietrich M, Bienzle U, Kern P, Mannweiler E (1979). "Amoebic liver abscess: a retrospective clinical evaluation of twenty-seven cases". Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie. 30 (4): 409–16. PMID 538815.
  6. Chintana T, Sucharit P, Mahakittikun V, Siripanth C, Suphadtanaphongs W (1986). "In vitro studies on the sensitivity of local Entamoeba histolytica to anti-amoebic drugs". Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health. 17 (4): 591–4. PMID 2883732.
  7. Panwar P, Burusco KK, Abubaker M, Matthews H, Gutnov A, Fernandez-Alvaro E, Bryce RA, Wilkinson J, Nirmalan N (2020). "Lead Optimization of Dehydroemetine for Repositioned Use in Malaria". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 64 (4). e01444-19. doi:10.1128/AAC.01444-19. PMC 7179302. PMID 31964796.
  8. Hernandez-Perez E (1980). "Dehydroemetine therapy for herpes zoster. A comparison with corticosteroids". Cutis; Cutaneous Medicine for the Practitioner. 25 (4): 424–6. PMID 6102504.
  9. Al-Khateeb GH, Al-Jeboori TI, Al-Janabi KA (1977). "In vitro efficacy of some drugs on promastigotes of Leishmania donovani". Chemotherapy. 23 (4): 267–75. doi:10.1159/000221994. PMID 16732.
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