Death Is My Trade

Death Is My Trade (French: La mort est mon métier) is a 1952 French fictionalized biographical novel by Robert Merle. The protagonist, Rudolf Lang, was closely based on the real Rudolf Höß, commandant of the concentration camp Auschwitz.

Death Is My Trade
First UK edition, 1954
AuthorRobert Merle
Original titleLa mort est mon métier
LanguageFrench
SubjectThe Holocaust
GenreSpeculative fiction
Set inAuschwitz
PublisherDerek Verschoyle
Publication date
1952
Pages296
ISBN978-2806274489

Summary

The story begins in 1913, when Lang is 13 years old. His parents give him a harsh Catholic education, to which he reacts badly. His unstable father, with whom the young Lang has an awkward relationship, wants him to become a priest. At the age of fifteen, Lang starts a military career which leads in 1943 to the post of commandant of Auschwitz. At first a concentration camp, later an extermination camp, the camp, near town of Auschwitz, was the site of the “slow and clumsy creation of a death factory”. Lang works hard to achieve his mission: to kill as many Jews as possible, disposing of the bodies as efficiently as possible.[1]

Differences to the real Rudolf Höß

In his book, Robert Merle renamed Rudolf Höß as Rudolf Lang, his nickname after demobilization from the SS. Adolf Eichmann was renamed Wulfslang, but kept his rank of Obersturmbannführer (Lieutenant Colonel).

Robert Merle utilized Rudolf Höß’s testimonies, written in jail after his trial, as well as court records from the Nuremberg trials.

However, he came to the conclusion:

Everything Rudolf did, he did not out of viciousness, but in the name of the categorical imperative (the central tenet of Kant's moral philosophy) of duty, of loyalty to his commander, in submission to orders, out of respect for the State. In short, as a 'man of duty'; it is precisely for this behavior that he is monstrous

— (Robert Merle, 27 April 1972)

This, however, is an interpretation partly based on psychoanalysis and probably Merle's desire to explain how a human being could commit Höß' actions. Merle's Lang is an idealised version of Höß, stylised as a tragic persona.

While it is true that Höß tried in his process to exonerate his subordinates by declaring they did nothing but follow his orders, which he gave following in turn Heinrich Himmler's orders, there were multiple cases of corruption in Höß' time as commandant.

Absolutely true, and also backed by Höß' autobiography as well as Jean-Claude Pressac's Auschwitz: Technique and Operation of the Gas Chambers and The Crematories of Auschwitz is the depiction of Höß/Lang as not especially antisemitic or suffering from hatred to the other target groups of Nazi extermination policy, like gypsies in Porajmos, Poles or Russians. The "special treatment" (Sonderbehandlung) was just the execution of an order for Höß or other protagonists of Nazi extermination, like Frank Prüfer who constructed and built the crematories of Auschwitz, fulfilling an order to the Topf crematories branch.[2]

The literary depiction of the execution of Nazi extermination policy not out of an antisemitic or antiziganist ideology, but as the mere fulfillment of orders, using methods of industrial science to optimise the process to economically leading "units" (German: Einheiten (plural)) to receive "special treatment" (German: Sonderbehandlung),[3] thereby making objects out of living persons and creating an utter feeling of horror, may be the greatest achievement of Merle.

Movie

In 1977, the novel was made into a movie with Götz George as Franz Lang (the name "Rudolf" was changed into Franz), directed by Theodor Kotulla.

Bibliography
  • Robert Merle, Death is my Trade, London : Derek Verschoyle, 1954, OCLC 7182653
    • Merle, Robert. La Mort est mon métier, Edition Gallimard, ISBN 2-07-036789-4 (in French)
  • Höss, Rudolf. Commandant of Auschwitz: The Autobiography of Rudolf Hoess. (Constantine FitzGibbon, trans.) London: Phoenix Press, 2000. ISBN 1-84212-024-7.
    • Höß, Rudolf. Kommandant in Auschwitz; autobiographische Aufzeichnungen. Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Zeitgeschichte. Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, 1998. ISBN 3-423-30127-9 (in German)
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See also

Notes
  1. preface to the work
  2. Jean-Claude Pressac, The Crematories of Auschwitz
  3. Auschwitz: Technique and Operation of the Gas Chambers
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