David Ormsby-Gore, 5th Baron Harlech

William David Ormsby-Gore, 5th Baron Harlech KCMG PC DL (20 May 1918 – 26 January 1985), known as David Ormsby-Gore until June 1961 and as Sir David Ormsby-Gore from then until February 1964, was a British diplomat and Conservative politician.

The Right Honourable The Lord Harlech KCMG PC DL
British Ambassador to the United States
In office 1961–1965
Monarch	Elizabeth II
President	John Kennedy Lyndon Johnson
Prime Minister	Harold Macmillan Sir Alec Douglas-Home Harold Wilson
Preceded by	Sir Harold Caccia
Succeeded by	Sir Patrick Dean
Member of Parliament for Oswestry
In office 23 February 1950 – 1 June 1961
Preceded by	Oliver Poole
Succeeded by	John Biffen
Personal details
Born	William David Ormsby-Gore (1918-05-20)20 May 1918 Westminster, London, England
Died	26 January 1985(1985-01-26) (aged 66) Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England
Political party	Conservative
Spouse(s)	Sylvia Lloyd Thomas ​ ( m. 1940; died 1967) Pamela Colin ​ ( m. 1969)
Children	6, including Alice and Francis
Parents	The 4th Baron Harlech Lady Beatrice Edith Mildred Cecil
Residence	Woodhill Estate, Oswestry, Shropshire
Education	St Cyprian's School Eton College
Alma mater	New College, Oxford
Occupation	Airborne reconnaissance, farmer, politician, diplomat, television executive

Early life

William David Ormsby-Gore was born into an Anglo-Irish aristocratic family on 20 May 1918 in Westminster, London, the second son of William Ormsby-Gore, 4th Baron Harlech, a Conservative politician, and Lady Beatrice Edith Mildred Gascoyne-Cecil.[1] His maternal great-grandfather was British Prime Minister The 3rd Marquess of Salisbury. He was educated at St Cyprian's School, Eton College and New College, Oxford.

A well-known story told of him at Eton is that, when a boy in his house killed himself, the housemaster called the boys together, and asked if any of them had any idea why this should have happened. Ormsby-Gore put up his hand and asked, "Please sir, could it have been the food?"[2][3]

In 1939, he was commissioned into the Royal Artillery (Berkshire Yeomanry Field Regiment), served in the 'Phantom' reconnaissance unit, and worked with airborne and other special units. By the end of the War, he held the rank of major on the general staff.

After the war, his father handed over to him all his land, and Ormsby-Gore farmed the 400 acres (1.6 km²) of the Woodhill Estate, Oswestry, Shropshire. In 1948, he was commissioned a Major in the Shropshire Yeomanry, but left in 1950.

Career

Member of Parliament

At the 1950 general election, he was elected Member of Parliament for Oswestry, which he remained until 1961. Under Prime Minister Anthony Eden he served briefly, from November 1956 to January 1957, as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs; and under Prime Minister Harold Macmillan he was from 1957 to 1961 Minister of State for Foreign Affairs. After the election of U.S. President John F. Kennedy he was appointed British Ambassador to the United States on 18 October 1961.[4] This meant that he had to take the Chiltern Hundreds on 1 June,[5] so that he could resign from the House.

Ambassador to the United States

Ormsby-Gore knew Kennedy well from his time in London, where his father Joseph P. Kennedy had served as American Ambassador. Like Macmillan, Ormsby-Gore was distantly related to Kennedy, but had a closer relationship than did Macmillan with the President-elect and his brother Robert. Six months after Kennedy took office Ormsby-Gore was in Washington, D.C. Referred to under the Kennedy administration as "our kind of Ambassador", he supplied Kennedy with a stream of advice and Cuban cigars via his diplomatic bag. He was almost a resident at the White House, being more a friend of the family than a mere ambassador. After President Kennedy's assassination there were rumours of a romance between Ormsby-Gore and Jacqueline Kennedy. In 1968 he proposed marriage to her, but, she did not accept.[6] Ormsby-Gore was one of the pallbearers at Robert Kennedy's funeral along with Robert McNamara, John Glenn, W. Averell Harriman, C. Douglas Dillon, Kirk Lemoyne Billings (schoolmate of John F. Kennedy), Stephen Edward Smith (husband to Jean Ann Kennedy), David Hackett, Jim Whittaker and John Seigenthaler Sr. Under the Lyndon B. Johnson administration relations were more formal but remained excellent; and Ormsby-Gore maintained his position after the Labour government took power in Britain in 1964.

A fierce opponent of oil-barrel politics, Ormsby-Gore's terse dismissal of the phenomenon ran: "It would indeed be a tragedy if the history of the human race proved to be nothing more than the story of an ape playing with a box of matches on a petrol dump." The extent of his influence over the Kennedy administration is disputed. Unable to persuade the American government to agree with the British line over Yemen and the Congo, or to proceed with either a negotiated settlement with Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev over Berlin or the Skybolt ballistic missile programme, he nevertheless played a significant role in the Cuban Missile Crisis and ensured that Britain's views were taken into account by the American government.

The friendships of Ormsby-Gore and Macmillan with John Kennedy helped secure the first Test-Ban Treaty in 1963. Macmillan and Ormsby-Gore had been attempting to achieve a test-ban treaty with the Russians for the past ten years, and won Kennedy over through letters from Macmillan and frank discussions between Ormsby-Gore and Kennedy. They convinced him to act like a statesman and conclude Test-ban treaties with Russia and not fear being branded as an appeaser by political opponents in the United States.

Ormsby-Gore was a participant in what is referred to as a "twenty-five year conversation to do with the role of a leader in a democratic society". He encouraged Kennedy to remain focused on issues relevant to the world and the future, rather than attempting to protect himself politically.

According to the Duchess of Devonshire, who travelled with the British delegation to Kennedy's funeral in November 1963, Macmillan's successor as Prime Minister Alec Douglas-Home had wanted to appoint Ormsby-Gore as Foreign Secretary, but R. A. Butler had insisted on having this post as a condition of serving under Home.[7] After Kennedy's assassination, Ormsby-Gore became involved in a relationship with his widow Jacqueline, going withon a vacation with in Cambodia.[8] He proposed marriage to her in 1965 and was turned down.[8] In 1968, when she married the Greek shipping tycoon Aristotle Onassis, Lord Harlech was opposed and wrote to her asking her mind to change her mind..[8]

Later life

Ormsby-Gore retired as ambassador in 1965, a year after his father died, and took his seat in the House of Lords as Lord Harlech, briefly also holding the position of deputy chairman of the Conservative Party. He also had a successful career as a television executive, founding HTV, and served as president of the British Board of Film Classification. He had an active interest in the avant-garde, and for nearly ten years, beginning in 1969, was patron of the Institute for Research in Art and Technology.

Personal life

On 9 February 1940, Lord Harlech married Sylvia Lloyd (b. 24 Apr 1920)[9][10] Thomas, daughter of Hugh Lloyd Thomas, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to France between 1935 and 1938, and Hon. Guendaline Ada Bellew. Before Lady Harlech's death in an automobile accident on 30 May 1967,[11] they had five children:

• Hon. Julian Hugh Ormsby-Gore (1940–1974), who died of gunshot wounds, an apparent suicide.[12]
• Hon. Jane Teresa Denyse Ormsby-Gore (b. 1942), who was said to have had an affair with Mick Jagger during the 1960s; some consider the Rolling Stones song "Lady Jane" to be about her.[13] She married Michael Rainey in 1966 (div. 1984) and lived at Brogyntyn Home Farm, Oswestry.
• Hon. Victoria Mary Ormsby-Gore (b. 1946)
• Hon. Alice Magdalen Sarah Ormsby-Gore (1952–1995), who became engaged to rock guitarist Eric Clapton in 1969.[14] She and Clapton lived together for five years, but did not marry. She died of a heroin overdose in 1995.
• Francis David Ormsby-Gore, 6th Baron Harlech (1954–2016), who married Amanda Jane Grieve (b. 1959), daughter of Alan Grieve.[15]

In 1968, Lord Harlech proposed to the widowed Jacqueline Kennedy, whom he had been friends with since before her husband's assassination.[16] Jacqueline Kennedy declined his offer of marriage in a letter, writing: "If ever I can find some healing and some comfort — it has to be with somebody who is not part of all my world of past and pain ... I can find that now if the world will let us." She later married Aristotle Onassis.[16]

On 11 December 1969, Lord Harlech married American socialite Pamela Colin, daughter of a Manhattan top corporate lawyer, herself a London resident editor of Vogue and then food editor of the British Vogue.[17][18] The wedding was attended by Princess Margaret, the Duke and Duchess of Devonshire, the Earl and Countess of Drogheda, the Earl and Countess of Airlie, The Countess Gowrie, Lord and Lady David Cecil, Sir Fitzroy Maclean, J. J. Astor and The Hon. Michael Astor.[18] They had one daughter:

• Hon Pandora Beatrice Ormsby-Gore (b. April 1972)[19]

Death

Lord Harlech was seriously injured in a car crash at Montford Bridge near Shrewsbury on the evening of 25 January 1985 and died at the Royal Shrewsbury Hospital the following morning, aged 66.[20] Senator Edward Kennedy, Jacqueline Onassis and other Kennedy family members attended his funeral in Llanfihangel-y-traethau.[21] He was succeeded in the barony by his second and only surviving son, Francis.

In popular culture

Ormsby-Gore was portrayed by Peter Donat in the 1974 television play The Missiles of October, which was about the October 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis.

Honours and arms

Honours and Crown appointments

Ormsby-Gore was appointed to be a Deputy Lieutenant of Shropshire on 12 April 1961.[22] As the British Ambassador to the United States, he was, on 29 June 1961, appointed to the Order of St Michael and St George as a Knight Commander (KCMG).[23] In 1962, he was appointed to the Order of St John as a Knight (KStJ).[24]

Coat of arms

Coat of arms of David Ormsby-Gore, 5th Baron Harlech

Notes Coat of arms of the Ormsby-Gore family Coronet A coronet of a Baron Crest 1st: an Heraldic Tiger rampant Argent; 2nd: a Dexter Arm embowed in armour proper holding in the hand a Man's Leg also in armour couped at the thigh Escutcheon Quarterly: 1st and 4th, Gules a Fess between three Cross Crosslets fitchy Or (Gore); 2nd and 3rd, Gules a Bend between six Cross Crosslets Or (Ormsby) Supporters Dexter: an Heraldic Tiger Argent maned and tufted Sable ducally gorged Or; Sinister: a Lion Or Motto In Hoc Signo Vinces (Under this sign thou shalt conquer)

Notes

1. "Index entry". FreeBMD. ONS. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
2. Brian Johnston, A further slice of Johnners (Random House, 2011)
3. Alex Renton, Stiff Upper Lip (Hachette UK, 2017)
4. "No. 42519". The London Gazette. 21 November 1961. p. 8445.
5. "No. 42378". The London Gazette. 6 June 1961. p. 4203.
6. Erlanger, Steven (February 8, 2017). "Letters From Jacqueline Kennedy to the Man She Didn't Marry". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
7. Deborah, Duchess of Devonshire, Diary, 27 November 1963, quoted in Deborah Devonshire (2010) Wait For Me!
8. Luckel, Madeleine (9 February 2017). "The One That Got Away: A Trove of Jacqueline Kennedy's Love Letters Has Been Found". Vogue. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
9. "Ancestry® | Genealogy, Family Trees & Family History Records". www.ancestry.com. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
10. Hywel Trewyn & Tony Bonnici, "Lord Harlech's tragic life and death", Daily Post, 15 November 2016.
11. The Peerage, entry for Sylvia Thomas
12. Time magazine, 18 November 1974
13. Davis, Stephen: Old Gods Almost Dead
14. Time magazine, 16 March 1970
15. "Amanda Harlech's highland fling with Chanel". Daily Telegraph.
16. Erlanger, Steven (8 February 2017). "Letters From Jacqueline Kennedy to the Man She Didn't Marry". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 February 2017.
17. "Lord Harlech obituary: Wife's departure was the start of peer's sad decline", The Sydney Morning Herald, February 12, 2016.
18. "Lord Harlech Marries Pamela Colin In London Ceremony Attended by 100". The New York Times. 12 December 1969. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
19. The Peerage, entry for 5th Lord Harlech
20. "Lord Harlech killed in crash". Shropshire Star. 26 January 1985. p. 1.
21. Hughes, Robert (30 October 2007), The Parish Church Llanfihangel-y-Traethau Ynys (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on 10 April 2016, retrieved 24 March 2016
22. "No. 42330". The London Gazette. 18 April 1961. p. 2836.
23. "No. 42452". The London Gazette. 1 September 1961. p. 6413.
24. "No. 42573". The London Gazette. 16 January 1962. p. 433.

References

• Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,
• Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages
• Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs
• Lundy, Darryl. "p. 4606 § 46055". The Peerage.
• Leaming, Barbara. “Jack Kennedy: The Education of a Statesman” (2006). W.W.Norton & Company,Inc. Numerous references.

External links

• The U.S. Government's Biographical File on Sir David Ormsby-Gore (December 1962)
• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by David Ormsby Gore

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Oliver Poole	Member of Parliament for Oswestry 1950–1961	Succeeded by John Biffen
Political offices
Preceded by Douglas Dodds-Parker Lord John Hope	Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 1956–1957 With: Douglas Dodds-Parker	Succeeded by The Earl of Gosford Ian Harvey
Preceded by Allan Noble	Minister of State for Foreign Affairs 1957–1961 With: Allan Noble 1957–1959 John Profumo 1959–1960	Succeeded by Joseph Godber
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by Sir Harold Caccia	British Ambassador to the United States 1961–1965	Succeeded by Sir Patrick Dean
Media offices
Preceded by Herbert Morrison	President of the British Board of Film Classification 1965–1985	Succeeded by George Lascelles
Peerage of the United Kingdom
Preceded by William Ormsby-Gore	Baron Harlech 1964–1985	Succeeded by Francis Ormsby-Gore