Cyriacus Buyruk Khan

Cyriacus Buyruk Khan (Chinese: 忽兒察忽思不亦魯黑汗; pinyin: Hūercháhūsī Bùyìlǔhēi Hàn[1]) was a 12th century Nestorian leader of Keraites. He was a son of Marcus Buyruk Khan.

Cyriacus
Khan of Keraites
Reign1150 - 1165
PredecessorSariq Khan
SuccessorToghrul
Died1165
SpouseIlma
Töre Qaimish
IssueToghrul
Erke Qara
Jakha Gambhu
DynastyKeraite
FatherMarcus Buyruk Khan
ReligionNestorianism

Name

His name is written in The Secret History of the Mongols as Qurčaqus.[2]According to Volker Rybatzki[3] and Christoph Baumer[4] its original form could be Cyriacus, a Syriac name. While per Lev Gumilev, original form may be Gregorius as well.[5]

Reign

He succeeded Kerait ruler Sariq Khan (according to Timothy May, he was his father[6], while Isenbike Togan says Sariq was just pre-Christian name of Marcus Buyruk Khan[7]) in 1150. He soon emerged as one of the dominant powers in the steppe following destruction of Liao Dynasty by Jurchens.[8]However, this situation soon challenged by Merkits and Tatars who kidnapped his son Toghrul in 1135. He soon reorganized the khanate between his sons. Center was Karabalgasun, while Toghrul ruled western part of the khanate as a subordinate to his uncle Gurkhan. His other sons Tai Temür Taishi and Yulamacus (as his subordinate) respectively granted Karaa and Boroo river banks, on the east. He soon died in 1165, his son not approving his division, claimed the throne for himself as his eldest son and sole ruler.[9]

Family and descendants

He was married to a certain woman called Ilma who bore him Toghrul and Töre Qaimish, a daughter of Naiman ruler Betegin Oba Kötürchi Buyruq Khan[7]. According to Jami at-Tawarikh, Töre Qaimish was engaged in witchcraft. Being worried about this Cyriacus ordered one of his concubines to kill her. Then, wishing to hide this fact, under a suitable pretext, he killed both of his concubines.

He had many sons including Toghrul, Erke Qara, Tai Temür Taishi, Yulamacus[10], Jakha Gambhu and Buqa Temür. Through his granddaughter Sorghaghtani Beki, he became ancestor of Toluids - rulers of Ilkhanate and Yuan dynasty.

Marcus Buyruk Khan
Cyriacus Buyruk Khan
ToghrulTay TemürBuqa TimurErke QaraJakha Gambhu
Genghis Khan
Toqto'a BekiKharaun KhabchalIlga SenggümUyku or Abaqu
ChurchedaiIbakha BekiSorghaghtani BekiTolui
ChilaunDoquz Khatun
Hulagu Khan
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References
  1. "Pre-Mongolian History Chronicle". ctext.org (in Chinese). Retrieved 2019-11-10.
  2. The secret history of the Mongols : a Mongolian epic chronicle of the thirteenth century. Rachewiltz, Igor de, 1929-2016. Leiden: Brill. 2006. p. 73. ISBN 9789004153646. OCLC 173262183.CS1 maint: others (link)
  3. Grivelet, Stéphane (2005). The Black Master: Essays on Central Eurasia in Honor of György Kara on His 70th Birthday. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 103. ISBN 9783447051866.
  4. Baumer, Christoph (2016-05-30). The History of Central Asia: The Age of Islam and the Mongols. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781838609399.
  5. Gumilev, L. N. (Lev Nikolaevich), 1912-1992. (2002). Poiski vymyshlennogo t︠s︡arstva : legenda o "Gosudarstve presvitera Ioanna". Moskva: Aĭris-Press. ISBN 5811200218. OCLC 52535246.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. May, Timothy (2016-11-07). The Mongol Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 216. ISBN 9781610693400.
  7. Togan, İsenbike (1998-01-01). Flexibility and Limitation in Steppe Formations: The Kerait Khanate and Chinggis Khan. BRILL. p. 67. ISBN 978-90-04-10802-8.
  8. Munkh-Erdene, Lhamsuren (2018). "THE RISE OF THE CHINGGISID DYNASTY: PRE-MODERN EURASIAN POLITICAL ORDER AND CULTURE AT A GLANCE". International Journal of Asian Studies. 15 (1): 39–84. doi:10.1017/S1479591417000195. ISSN 1479-5914.
  9. Ganbat, Altansukh - XII. Internal Structure of Nomads in the Geography of Mongolia in the 16th Century - Doctoral Thesis (in Turkish), Open Access
  10. Per Paul Pelliot, these were two different people: Yula and Marcus
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