Cyphostemma

Cyphostemma is a flowering plant genus in the family Vitaceae, with around 250 species distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics. These species are caudiciform and used to belong to the genus Cissus.[1] The genus name comes from Greek kyphos, meaning hump, and stemma, meaning garland.

Cyphostemma
Cyphostemma juttae
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Vitales
Family: Vitaceae
Subfamily: Vitoideae
Genus: Cyphostemma
(Planch.) Alston
Species

See text

Synonyms[1]

Within the Vitaceae, Cyphostemma is most closely related to Cayratia and Tetrastigma.[2] All species of Cyphostemma were once included in the genus Cissus but are now considered to be distinct.[3]

Distribution

They originate from Northeast Africa to southern Arabia,[3] in particular from Madagascar.

Selected species
The largest species in the genus is the so-called "Mauritian Baobab" (Cyphostemma mappia), a case of "island gigantism".
Cyphostemma elephantopus
Cyphostemma berries, here on Cyphostemma bainesii
Cyphostemma laza in cultivation

There are about 260 species in the genus.

  • C. abercornense Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. adamii Desc.
  • C. adenanthum (Fresen.) Desc.
  • C. adenocarpum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. adenocaule (Steud. ex A.Rich.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. adenocephalum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. adenopodum (Sprague) Desc.
  • C. agnus-castus (Planch.) Desc.
  • C. allophyloides (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. alnifolium (Schweinf. ex Planch.) Desc.
  • C. amplexicaule Desc.
  • C. anatomicum (C.A.Sm.) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. ankirihitrensis Desc.
  • C. auriculata (Roxb.) P.Singh & B.V.Shetty
  • C. auriculatum (Roxb.) P.Singh & B.V.Shetty
  • C. bainesii (Hook.f.) Desc.
  • C. bambuseti (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. barbosae Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. betiforme (Chiov.) Vollesen
  • C. bidgoodiae Verdc.
  • C. biternatum (Baker) Desc.
  • C. boranense Vollesen
  • C. bororense (Klotzsch) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. braunii (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. brieyi (De Wild.) Compère
  • C. buchananii (Planch.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. bullatum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. burgeri Vollesen
  • C. cabui (Dewit) Desc.
  • C. camerounense Desc.
  • C. chevalieri (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. chloroleucum (Welw.ex Baker) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. chrysadenium (Gilg) Desc.
  • C. cirrhosum (Thunb.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. congestum (Baker) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. congoense (auct.) Desc.
  • C. connivens (Lam.) Desc.
  • C. conradsii (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. cornigera Desc.
  • C. cornus-africani Thulin
  • C. crassiusculum (Baker) Desc.
  • C. crinitum (Planch.) Desc.
  • C. cristigera Desc.
  • C. crithmifolium (Chiov.) Desc.
  • C. crotalarioides (Planch.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. cryptoglandulosum Verdc.
  • C. cuneatum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. currorii (Hook.f.) Desc.
  • C. curvipodum (Baker) Desc.
  • C. cymosum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Desc.
  • C. cyphopetalum (Fresen.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. dasycarpum Verdc.
  • C. dasypleurum (C.A.Sm.) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
  • C. decurrens (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. degraeri (Dewit) Desc.
  • C. delphinensis Desc.
  • C. dembianensis (Chiov.) Vollesen
  • C. descoingsii Lavie
  • C. desenfansii (Dewit) Desc.
  • C. digitatum (Forssk.) Desc.
  • C. duparquettii (Planch.) Desc.
  • C. dysocarpum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. echinocarpa Desc.
  • C. egregium (Gilg) Desc.
  • C. elephantopus Desc.
  • C. elisabethvilleanum (Dewit) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. eminii (Gilg) Desc.
  • C. engleri (Gilg) Desc.
  • C. erythreae (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. erythrocephalum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. feddeanum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. flavicans (Baker) Desc.
  • C. flaviflorum (Sprague) Desc.
  • C. fragariifolium (Bojer ex Planch.) Desc.
  • C. fugosioides (Gilg) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. gigantophyllum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. gillettii (De Wild. & T.Durand) Desc.
  • C. glandulosissimum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. glanduloso-pilosa Desc.
  • C. gracillimum (Werderm.) Desc.
  • C. grahamii Verdc.
  • C. grandistipulatum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. graniticum (Wild & R.B.Drumm.) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. greenwayi Verdc.
  • C. greveanum Desc.
  • C. griseorubrum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. hardyi Retief
  • C. haumanii (Dewit) Desc.
  • C. hereroense (Schinz) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. heterotrichum (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. hildebrandtii (Gilg) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. hispidiflorum (C.A.Sm.) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
  • C. homblei (De Wild.) Desc.
  • C. horombense Desc.
  • C. huillense (Exell & Mendonça) Desc.
  • C. humile (N.E.Br.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. hypargyreum (Gilg) Desc.
  • C. hypoleucum (Harv.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. jaegeri (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. jiguu Verdc.
  • C. johannis (Exell & Mendonça) Desc.
  • C. juttae (Dinter & Gilg) Desc.
  • C. kaniamae (Mullend. ex Dewit) Desc.
  • C. kapiriense (Dewit) Desc.
  • C. keilii (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. kibweziense Verdc.
  • C. kilimandscharicum (Gilg) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. kirkianum (Planch.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. kiwakishiense (Dewit) Desc.
  • C. knittelii (Gilg) Desc.
  • C. kundelunguense Malaisse
  • C. lageniflorum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. lanigerum (Harv.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. laza Desc.
  • C. leandrii Desc.
  • C. ledermannii (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. lelyi (Hutch.) Desc.
  • C. lentianum (Volkens & Gilg) Desc.
  • C. letouzeyanum Desc.
  • C. leucorufescens Desc.
  • C. leucotrichum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. libenii (Dewit) Desc.
  • C. loandense (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. lovemorei Willd. & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. luteum (Exell & Mendonça) Desc.
  • C. lynesii (Dewit) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. macrocarpa Desc.
  • C. manambovensis Desc.
  • C. manikense (De Wild.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. mannii (Baker) Desc.
  • C. mappia (Lam.) Galet
  • C. maranguense (Gilg) Desc.
  • C. marlothii (Dinter & Gilg) Desc.
  • C. marunguense (Dewit) Desc.
  • C. masukuense (Baker) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. megabotrys (Collett & Hemsl.) B.V.Shetty
  • C. meyeri-johannis (Gilg & M.Brandt) Verdc.
  • C. michelii (Dewit) Desc.
  • C. micradenium (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. microdipterum (Baker) Desc.
  • C. migiurtinorum (Chiov.) Desc.
  • C. mildbraedii (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. milleri Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. molle (Steud. ex A.Rich.) Desc.
  • C. montagnacii Desc.
  • C. montanum Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. muhuluense (Mildbr.) Desc.
  • C. nanellum (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. natalitium (Szyszyl.) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
  • C. nigroglandulosum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. niveum (Hochst. ex Schweinf.) Desc.
  • C. njegerre (Gilg & Strauss) Desc.
  • C. obovato-oblongum (De Wild.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. odontadenium (Gilg) Desc.
  • C. oleraceum (Bolus) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
  • C. omburense (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. ornatum (A.Chev. ex Hutch. & Dalziel) Desc.
  • C. ouakense Desc.
  • C. overlaetii (Dewit) Desc.
  • C. oxyphyllum (A.Rich.) Vollesen
  • C. pachyanthum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. pachypus Desc.
  • C. pannosum Vollesen
  • C. passargei (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. paucidentatum (Klotzsch) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. pendulum (Welw. ex Baker) Desc..
  • C. perforatum (Louis ex Dewit) Desc.
  • C. phyllomicron (Chiov.) Desc.
  • C. pobeguinianum Desc.
  • C. princeae (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. pruriens (Welw. ex Baker) Desc.
  • C. pseudoburgeri Verdc.
  • C. pseudonjegerre (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. pseudorhodesiae (Dewit) Desc.
  • C. pseudosesquipedale Verdc.
  • C. pseudoupembaense (Dewit) Desc.
  • C. puberulum (C.A.Sm.) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. pumilum Desc.
  • C. quinatum (Dryand.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. rhodesiae (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. richardsiae Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. ringoetii (De Wild.) Desc.
  • C. rivae (Gilg) Desc.
  • C. robsonii Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. robynsii (Dewit) Desc.
  • C. roseiglandulosum Desc.
  • C. rotundistipulatum Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. rowlandii (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. ruacanense (Exell & Mendonça) Desc.
  • C. rubroglandulosum Retief & B.-E.van Wyk
  • C. rubromarginatum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. rubrosetosum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. rupicola (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. rutilans Desc.
  • C. sakalavensis Desc.
  • C. sanctuarium-selousii Verdc.
  • C. sarcospathulum (Chiov.) Desc.
  • C. saxicola (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. saxicolum (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. scarlatinum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. schimperi (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Desc.
  • C. schlechteri (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. schliebenii (Mildbr.) Desc.
  • C. segmentatum (C.A.Sm.) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
  • C. seitzianum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. septemfoliatum Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. serjanioides (Planch.) Desc.
  • C. serpens (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Desc.
  • C. sesquipedale (Gilg) Desc.
  • C. sessilifolium (Dewit) Desc.
  • C. setosum (Roxb.) Alston
  • C. shinyangense Verdc.
  • C. simplicifolium A.Björnstad
  • C. simulans (C.A.Sm.) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. sokodense (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. spinosopilosum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. stefanianum (Chiov.) Desc.
  • C. stefaninianum (Chiov.) Desc.
  • C. stegosaurus Verdc.
  • C. stenolobum (Welw. ex Baker) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. stenopodum (Gilg ex Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. stipulaceum (Baker) Desc.
  • C. strigosum (Dewit) Desc.
  • C. subciliatum (Baker) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. sulcatum (C.A.Sm.) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
  • C. taborense Verdc.
  • C. tenuissimum (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. ternatomultifidum (Chiov.) Desc.
  • C. ternatum (Forssk.) Desc.
  • C. thomasii (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. tisserantii Desc.
  • C. trachyphyllum (Werderm.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. trilobata (Lam.) M.R.Almeida
  • C. triumfettoides (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. tsaratananensis Desc.
  • C. ukerewense (Gilg) Desc.
  • C. upembaense (Dewit) Desc.
  • C. urophyllum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. uter (Exell & Mendonça) Desc.
  • C. uwanda Verdc.
  • C. vandenbergheae Malaisse & Matamba
  • C. vandenbrandeanum (Dewit) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. vanderbenii (Dewit) Desc.
  • C. vanmeelii (Lawalrée) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. vezensis Desc.
  • C. villosicaule Verdc.
  • C. villosiglandulosum (Werderm.) Desc.
  • C. violaceoglandulosum (Gilg) Desc.
  • C. viscosum (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. vogelii (Hook.f.) Desc.
  • C. vollesenii Verdc.
  • C. waterlotii (A.Chev.) Desc.
  • C. wilmsii (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. wittei (Staner) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
  • C. woodii (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. zanzibaricum Verdc.
  • C. zechianum (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
  • C. zimmermannii Verdc.
  • C. zombense (Baker) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.
List sources :[4][5][6]
gollark: I don't know, I haven't watched the video they were complaining about.
gollark: You can use them to approximate functions by just ignoring the last terms, since they're small for small x.
gollark: e^x = 1 + x + x^2/2 + x^3/6 + ..., for example.
gollark: A Taylor series is a way to write a function as a sum of infinitely many ax^n terms.
gollark: Friedrich was saying that people should be taught Taylor serieseseses to avoid them thinking stupid things about the Earth and whatever. I'm saying that even if people somehow knew that they could just fail to apply it.

References
  1. "Name - Cyphostemma (Planch.) Alston". Tropicos. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved August 25, 2011.
  2. Soejima, A.; Wen, J. (2006), "Phylogenetic analysis of the grape family (Vitaceae) based on three chloroplast markers" (PDF), American Journal of Botany, 93 (2): 278–87, doi:10.3732/ajb.93.2.278, PMID 21646189
  3. G., Miller, Anthony (1988). Plants of Dhofar, the southern region of Oman : traditional, economic, and medicinal uses. Morris, Miranda., Stuart-Smith, Susanna., Oman. Office of the Adviser for Conservation of the Environment. [Muscat]: Prepared and published by the Office of the Adviser for Conservation of the Environment, Diwan of Royal Court, Sultanate of Oman. ISBN 978-071570808-8. OCLC 20798112.
  4. Flora of Zimbabwe
  5. Grubben, G. J. H. Vegetables. PROTA. 2004.
  6. NOTE: Each species from the list at Tropicos.org was also checked against its corresponding entry at theplantlist.org for accepted status before being included on this page. Species listed at theplantlist that were as yet unresolved were included on this list. "Name - Cyphostemma (Planch.) Alston subordinate taxa". Tropicos. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved August 25, 2011.
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