Cycling at the Summer Paralympics

Cycling at the Summer Paralympics
Governing body	IPC
Events	44 (men: 30; women: 12; mixed: 2)
Games
	1960; 1964; 1968; 1972; 1976; 1980; 1984; 1988; 1992; 1996; 2000; 2004; 2008; 2012; 2016;
	Medalists; Records;

Cycling has been contested at every Summer Paralympic Games since the 1984 Summer Paralympics.

Classification

Cyclists with visual impairments are paired with a sighted pilot. Here Scott McPhee pilots to Kieran Modra's stocker.

Cyclists are given a classification depending on the type and extent of their disability. The classification system allows cyclists to compete against others with a similar level of function.[1]

At the 2008 Summer Paralympics and earlier, classes were:

B&VI 1–3: Cyclists with a visual impairment, using a tandem bicycle
LC 1–4: Cyclists with a locomotor disability, including those with amputations
CP 1–4: Cyclists with cerebral palsy, using a tricycle (CP 1–2) or bicycle (CP 3–4)
HC A, B, and C: Cyclists using a handcycle

At the 2012 Summer Paralympics, a functional para-cycling classification system was used.

B: Cyclists with a vision impairment, using a tandem bicycle
T 1–2: Cyclists with cerebral palsy, MS or similar neuro-motor impairment, using a tricycle
C 1–5: Cyclists with amputations, neuromotor or musculoskeletal impairment, using a bicycle
H 1–4: Cyclists using a handcycle

Factoring

In some cycling events, cyclists with different classifications compete against each other for one set of medals. Many (but not all) such events are factored, reducing the times of riders in lower classifications to take their greater impairment into account. Factoring percentages are based on average race times by riders in each classification.[2]

At the 2012 Summer Paralympics, factored races included the mixed tricycle time trial, Women's C1–3 road time trial,[3] Women's H1–2 road time trial and track C1–3 and C4–5 events.

Medal table

Updated to 2016 Summer Paralympics. Countries in italics are former countries who participated in the Paralympics.


Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Great Britain (GBR)	41	19	13	73
2	Australia (AUS)	37	31	29	97
3	United States (USA)	23	39	29	91
4	Germany (GER)	20	24	17	61
5	Italy (ITA)	16	10	13	39
6	France (FRA)	13	7	14	34
7	Spain (ESP)	11	15	16	42
8	Netherlands (NED)	10	13	12	35
9	China (CHN)	10	11	14	35
10	Canada (CAN)	9	11	13	33
11	Czech Republic (CZE)	8	7	10	25
12	Austria (AUT)	7	10	5	22
13	Poland (POL)	5	7	1	13
14	Switzerland (SUI)	5	5	8	18
15	Slovakia (SVK)	4	4	3	11
16	Belgium (BEL)	4	3	5	12
17	Ireland (IRL)	4	3	3	10
18	Belarus (BLR)	4	1	0	5
19	Ukraine (UKR)	4	0	0	4
20	Japan (JPN)	3	7	6	16
21	South Korea (KOR)	3	6	5	14
22	Norway (NOR)	3	2	5	10
23	New Zealand (NZL)	2	3	7	12
24	South Africa (RSA)	2	2	3	7
25	Romania (ROU)	1	2	0	3
26	Denmark (DEN)	1	0	0	1
27	Czechoslovakia (TCH)	0	2	0	2
27	Finland (FIN)	0	2	0	2
29	West Germany (FRG)	0	1	2	3
30	Brazil (BRA)	0	1	1	2
30	Portugal (POR)	0	1	1	2
32	Israel (ISR)	0	1	0	1
33	Colombia (COL)	0	0	3	3
34	Argentina (ARG)	0	0	2	2
34	Lebanon (LIB)	0	0	2	2
36	Russia (RUS)	0	0	1	1
Totals (36 nations)		250	250	243	743

Events

Road cycling, men

Current events
Events	1984	1988	1992	1996	2000	2004	2008	2012	2016	2020	Years
Road race	-	-	X	-	-	X	X	X	X	X	6
Time trial	X	X	X	X	-	X	X	X	X	X	9
Past events
Events	1984	1988	1992	1996	2000	2004	2008	2012	2016	2020	Years
Team tandem open, time trial	-	-	X	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1

Track cycling, men

Current events
Event	1996	2000	2004	2008	2012	2016	2020	Years
Bicycle, individual pursuit	-	-	X	X	X	X	X	5
Bicycle, time trial	-	-	X	X	X	X	X	5
Tandem, individual pursuit	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	7
Tandem, time trial	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	7
Past events
Events	1996	2000	2004	2008	2012	2016	2020	Years
Bicycle, team sprint	-	-	X	X	-	-	-	2
Tandem, sprint	X	X	X	X	-	-	-	4

Road cycling, women

Nation	1984	1988	1992	1996	2000	2004	2008	2012	2016	2020	Years
Road race	X	-	-	-	-	X	X	X	X	X	6
Time trial	X	-	X	-	-	X	X	X	X	X	7

Track cycling, women

Current events
Events	1996	2000	2004	2008	2012	2016	2020	Years
Bicycle, individual pursuit	-	-	-	-	X	X	X	3
Bicycle, 500m time trial	-	-	-	X	X	X	X	4
Tandem, individual pursuit	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	7
Tandem, 1km time trial	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	7
Past events
Events	1996	2000	2004	2008	2012	2016	2020	Years
Bicycle, 1km time trial	-	-	X	-	-	X	-	2
Tandem, sprint	-	-	X	-	-	-	-	1

Mixed events

Current road events
Events	1984	1988	1992	1996	2000	2004	2008	2012	2016	2020	Years
Team relay	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	X	X	X	3
Current track events
Events	1984	1988	1992	1996	2000	2004	2008	2012	2016	2020	Years
Team, sprint	No track events held			-	X	-	-	X	X	X	4
Past events
Events	1984	1988	1992	1996	2000	2004	2008	2012	2016	2020	Years
Road race	-	-	-	X	X	-	X	X	-	-	4
Time trial	-	-	-	X	X	-	X	X	-	-	4
Omnium	No track events held			X	-	-	-	-	-	-	1
Tandem open, individual pursuit				X	X	-	-	-	-	-	2
Tandem open, sprint				X	X	-	-	X	X	-	4
Tandem open, time trial				X	X	-	-	-	-	-	2

Nations

Nation	60	64	68	72	76	80	84	88	92	96	00	04	08	12	16	Years
Afghanistan (AFG)										2		2				2
Albania (ALB)														1		1
Argentina (ARG)												1	3	3	5	4
Australia (AUS)								1	8	14	22	19	17	15	15	8
Austria (AUT)								1	4	7	9	7	11	7	4	8
Barbados (BAR)											1	1				2
Belarus (BLR)										2	4	6	6	2		5
Belgium (BEL)								3	7	5	2	1	3	4	8	8
Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH)												1				1
Brazil (BRA)									1	1	2	1	2	2	5	7
Burkina Faso (BUR)									2	2			1	2		4
Canada (CAN)							4	3	15	7	10	12	15	15	14	9
China (CHN)												6	8	8	11	4
Colombia (COL)												1	4	3	6	4
Costa Rica (CRC)														1	1	2
Croatia (CRO)													1	2		2
Cuba (CUB)														1	1	2
Czech Republic (CZE)										3	6	8	8	8	8	6
Czechoslovakia (TCH)								1	3							2
Denmark (DEN)												1	3	2	2	4
Dominican Republic (DOM)														1	1	2
Estonia (EST)															1	1
Finland (FIN)							1					2	2	2	3	5
France (FRA)							1	6	16	17	18	9	9	14	5	9
Germany (GER)									9	13	13	17	17	16	15	7
Ghana (GHA)														1	1	2
Great Britain (GBR)							1	1	7	8	8	8	12	19	20	9
Greece (GRE)												4	2	5	6	4
Haiti (HAI)														1		1
Hungary (HUN)															2	1
Iran (IRI)												1		1	1	3
Ireland (IRL)									1			3	6	10	10	5
Israel (ISR)												1	1	3	1	4
Italy (ITA)									8	12	9	7	9	13	13	7
Japan (JPN)										2	7	6	5	4	5	6
Lebanon (LBN)													1	1		2
Luxembourg (LUX)													1		2	2
Malaysia (MAS)														2	4	2
Mexico (MEX)													1			1
Netherlands (NED)							3		4	7	3	5	6	11	18	8
New Zealand (NZL)												2	5	6	8	4
Norway (NOR)							3	2	4	4	6	7	1	2	1	9
Pakistan (PAK)										1						1
Peru (PER)															1	1
Poland (POL)												3	6	6	12	4
Portugal (POR)							3				1	1	1		2	5
Romania (ROU)												1	3	2	2	4
Russia (RUS)														2		1
Serbia (SRB)														2		1
Singapore (SGP)										2	2					2
Slovakia (SVK)										2	4	4	4	6	5	6
Slovenia (SLO)												1	1	1	1	4
South Africa (RSA)												4	7	6	6	4
South Korea (KOR)								10	5	3	4	2	2	2	3	8
Spain (ESP)									17	26	23	14	16	16	12	7
Sweden (SWE)												1		1	4	3
Switzerland (SUI)									6	6	8	8	5	8	7	7
Ukraine (UKR)														1	1	2
Unified Team (EUN)									2							1
United States (USA)							3	11	30	35	35	18	13	17	24	9
Venezuela (VEN)											1	1	2	2	2	5
West Germany (FRG)							3	1								2

Nations							8	11	19	23	25	39	39	48	45
Competitors							22	40	149	181	202	196	220	223	235
Year	60	64	68	72	76	80	84	88	92	96	00	04	08	12	16

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References

Cycling Archived 2011-07-06 at the Wayback Machine, Canadian Paralympic Committee
"Paralympics: Cyclist wins GB's first medal". Channel 4. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
"Cycling - Road". Australian Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on 13 February 2013. Retrieved 13 February 2013.

IPC Historical Results Database - General Search, International Paralympic Committee (IPC)

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] Cycling Archived 2011-07-06 at the Wayback Machine, Canadian Paralympic Committee

[2] "Paralympics: Cyclist wins GB's first medal". Channel 4. Retrieved 13 February 2013.

[3] "Cycling - Road". Australian Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on 13 February 2013. Retrieved 13 February 2013.

Sports at the Paralympic Games
Summer sports	Archery Athletics Badminton Boccia Cycling Equestrian Football 5-a-side Goalball Judo Paracanoe Paratriathlon Parataekwondo Powerlifting Rowing Shooting Swimming Table tennis Volleyball Wheelchair basketball Wheelchair fencing Wheelchair rugby Wheelchair tennis
Winter sports	Alpine skiing Biathlon Cross-country skiing Para ice hockey Snowboarding Wheelchair curling
Discontinued sports	Football 7-a-side Basketball ID Dartchery Ice sledge racing Lawn bowls Sailing Snooker Weightlifting Wrestling
Demonstration sports	Racquetball

International cycling
Asia	ACC UCI Asia Tour Asian Games Asian Championships Road Track
Africa	CAC UCI Africa Tour African Games African Championships Road Track
America	COPACI UCI America Tour Pan American Games Pan-American Cycling Championships Road Track
Oceania	OCC UCI Oceania Tour Oceania Championships Road Track
Europe	UEC UCI Europe Tour European Championships: BMX Cyclo-cross Mountain Bike Road Track
World	UCI UCI World Tour UCI ProSeries UCI Women's World Tour UCI Women's ProSeries World Championships UCI World Cups: Men's road Women's road Mountain bike Track Cyclo-cross BMX Olympics Youth Olympics Paralympics Commonwealth Games
Cyclists Teams Competitions Federations Achievements by nation

Road bicycle racing
List of road bicycle races men women
UCI Circuits	UCI World Tour Grand Tour Tour de France Giro d'Italia Vuelta a España Classic races Monuments Cobbled classics Ardennes classics Flanders Classics UCI World Ranking UCI ProSeries UCI Continental Circuits UCI Women's World Tour UCI Women's ProSeries
International Games	Olympic Games Paralympic Games Commonwealth Games Asian Games Games of the Small States of Europe Island Games Pan American Games Central American and Caribbean Games Friendship Games Universiade
Championships	UCI Road World Championships World University Cycling Championship Continental African Asian European Oceania Pan American National road cycling championships
UCI cycling teams	WorldTeams Professional Continental Continental Women's Teams
Events	Race stage Criterium Individual time trial Team time trial