Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame

The Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame (Salón de la Fama del Béisbol Cubano) is a hall of fame that honors eminent baseball players from Cuban baseball. Established in 1939 to honor players, managers, and umpires in the pre-revolution Cuban League, by 1961 it had honored 68 players, managers, and umpires whose names are shown on a marble plaque at Havana's Estadio Latinoamericano.[1] After the revolution, however, the Hall of Fame languished for more than 50 years, seldom mentioned or acknowledged and with no new inductees. Following a campaign led by Cuban filmmaker Ian Padrón, a meeting was held on November 7–8, 2014 to reformulate the Hall of Fame and to propose a museum in which it would be housed. The reformulated Hall recognized the original 68 members, and a jury of 25 people selected 10 new inductees—five from the pre-revolution period and five representing for the first time the post-revolution Cuban National Series. The planned site for the new museum is in the José Antonio Echeverría Workers' Social Club (also known as the Vedado Tennis Club).[2]

This article is about the Cuban professional baseball hall of fame. For baseball hall of fame organizations in other countries, see Baseball Hall of Fame (disambiguation).

Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame

Established	1939
Location	Estadio Latinoamericano, Havana
Number of inductees	78

History

Pre-revolution (1939–1961)

The Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame was established by the DGND (Dirección General Nacional de Deportes), a government agency supervising sports activities in Cuba.[3] The hall was inaugurated on July 26, 1939—about six weeks after the June 12 dedication and opening of the U.S. National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown—by placing a bronze plaque at Havana's La Tropical Stadium.[4] The first ten inductees were selected by former and current baseball writers and the DGND's baseball advisers (asesores de baseball). The inaugural class included 19th-century Cuban stars (Antonio María García, Valentín González, Adolfo Luján, and Carlos Royer), black players who had achieved success in the U.S. Negro leagues (Luis Bustamante, José de la Caridad Méndez, Gervasio González, and Cristóbal Torriente), and white players who had played Major League Baseball (Rafael Almeida and Armando Marsans).[5] Méndez and Torriente, along with later inductee Martín Dihigo, subsequently were also recognized by the U.S. Hall of Fame.[6]

The bronze plaque was subsequently replaced by a marble plaque that hangs on a wall "in a poorly lit corner" of Havana's Estadio Latinoamericano.[7] Before listing the names of the inductees, the introductory section of the plaque reads,

Cuban Professional Baseball Hall of Fame
List of players that have been selected as
BASEBALL IMMORTALS
And have deserved this just recognition for their distinguished work
maintaining an undying memory of what they were in this
sport[7]

While all of the inductees were recognized as baseball players, in several cases their distinction reflected, at least in part, accomplishments achieved after their playing careers. For example, Emilio Sabourín, Agustín Molina, and José Rodríguez were long-time managers who won championships, as also were more celebrated players such as Dihigo, Miguel Angel González, Adolfo Luque, and Marsans.[8] Francisco A. Poyo and Eustaquio Gutiérrez served as umpires.[9] Carlos Zaldo, Eugenio Jiménez, and Molina entered the business side of baseball as stadium developer, promoter, and league administrator.[10] Wenceslao Gálvez wrote a history of baseball in Cuba, published in 1889, which according to Roberto González Echevarría "may very well be the first history of the game ever written anywhere".[11]

Other inductees achieved distinction outside of baseball. For example, Juan Antiga, who played in the Cuban League for just two seasons prior to completing medical school, became a notable intellectual, homeopath, government official, and diplomat, serving as ambassador to Switzerland and delegate to the League of Nations.[12] The type of post-playing distinction most often recognized by the hall, however, is military service, especially during the Cuban War of Independence that was fought from 1895 to 1898. Alfredo Arango, Eduardo Machado, and Carlos Maciá served as officers in the Cuban revolutionary army and Sabourín, Juan Manuel Pastoriza, and Ricardo Cabaleiro died in the conflict.[13]

In the 20th century, opportunities to play in the United States became increasingly important to Cuban players. Some of the earliest opportunities to play in the U.S. came in nearby Key West beginning about 1890. Key West had an independent baseball league with considerable participation by Cuban emigrants, and Cuban League players were recruited to play there during the off season. Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame inductees Molina and Poyo began their baseball careers in Key West before moving on to the Cuban League.[14] In 1899, a Cuban all-star team, the All Cubans, undertook their first barnstorming tour of the United States. The team, which was racially integrated (reflecting the racial integration of the Cuban League) played against professional and semi-professional teams, white and black, until 1905.[15]

However, the U.S. color line soon affected Cuban players. By 1904, white Cubans, such as Juan Violá, were playing in the minor leagues, and in 1911 Rafael Almeida and Armando Marsans broke into the majors with the Cincinnati Reds.[16] Meanwhile, Cubans with darker complexions played in the Negro leagues for teams such as the Cuban Stars (West), the Cuban Stars (East), and the New York Cubans. Some Cuban players moved on to success with U.S. teams, such as José Méndez with the Kansas City Monarchs and Cristóbal Torriente with the Chicago American Giants.[17]

Exile in Florida (1962–1986, 1997–1998)

After the closing of the Cuban League in 1961, inductions to the Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame ceased in Havana for more than five decades. The players who had migrated to the United States, however, formed an organization, the Federation of Professional Cuban Baseball Players in Exile (Federación de Peloteros Profesionales Cubanos en el Exilio) which held elections in Miami to add new members to the hall.[18] These additional members are not universally recognized; they are not recognized in Cuba,[19] nor are they included in lists of Hall of Fame inductees shown in reference books by historians Peter Bjarkman and Jorge Figueredo.[20] The Miami elections continued in three phases—1962–1986, 1997–1998, and 2007—ultimately declaring more than 200 additional individuals as inductees.[21]

Official Reformulation (2014–Present)

In August 2014, Cuban filmmaker and baseball fan Ian Padrón brought together a group of 12 prominent fans to create a group called Enthusiasts for the Refoundation of the Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame. The group developed a set of rules to govern a reformulated hall which would recognize the 68 original members, provide for regular elections of additional professional and amateur players from both the pre-revolution and post-revolution periods, and would help arrange for the hall to be part of a Cuban baseball museum. With support from the National Institute of Sport, Physical Education, and Recreation (INDER), a meeting of sports commentators was held on November 7–8, 2014. The meeting approved the draft rules, selected a jury of 25 people to select the inductees, and planned for subsequent annual elections. Four players and an umpire were honored from the pre-revolution era—Conrado (Connie) Marrero, Orestes (Minnie) Miñoso, Camilo Pascual, Esteban (Steve) Bellán, and umpire Amado Maestri. Five players were also honored the post-revolution era, the first players from that period to be recognized—Omar Linares, Orestes Kindelán, Antonio Muñoz, Luis Casanova, and Braudilio Vinent.[2]

Inductees

Year	Name	Primary position[22]	Cuban Career	Play in the United States	Ref
1939	Rafael Almeida	3B	1904–1925	Major League Baseball	[23]
1939	Luis (Anguilla) Bustamante	SS	1901–1912	Negro leagues	[24]
1939	Antonio María (El Inglés) García	1B	1882–1905	All Cubans	[25]
1939	Gervasio González	C	1902–1920	Negro leagues	[26]
1939	Valentín (Sirique) González	2B	1890–1911	Minor leagues	[27]
1939	Adolfo Luján	P	1882–1891	—	[28]
1939	Armando Marsans	OF	1905–1928	Major League Baseball	[29]
1939	José de la Caridad Méndez	P	1908–1927	Negro leagues	[30]
1939	Carlos Royer	P	1892–1911	All Cubans	[31]
1939	Cristóbal Torriente	OF	1913–1927	Negro leagues	[32]
1940	Alfredo Arcaño	OF	1888–1909	All Cubans	[33]
1940	José (Joseíto) Muñoz	P	1900–1914	Negro leagues	[34]
1941	Regino (Mamelo) García	C	1902–1913	Negro leagues	[35]
1941	Emilio Sabourín	2B	1878–1887	—	[36]
1942	Alfredo (Pájaro) Cabrera	SS	1901–1920	Major League Baseball	[37]
1942	Agustín (Tinti) Molina	C	1894–1909	Key West	[38]
1943	Julián Castillo	1B	1901–1913	Negro leagues	[39]
1943	Heliodoro Hidalgo	OF	1901–1916	Negro leagues	[40]
1943	Luis (Mulo) Padrón	OF	1900–1919	Minor leagues	[41]
1944	Carlos Maciá	P	1885–1891	—	[42]
1944	Alejandro Oms	OF	1922–1946	Negro leagues	[43]
1945	Bernardo Baró	OF	1915–1929	Negro leagues	[44]
1945	Román Calzadilla	3B	1889–1902	—	[45]
1945	Valentín Dreke	OF	1919–1928	Negro leagues	[46]
1945	Carlos (Chino) Morán	3B	1900–1916	Negro leagues	[47]
1945	Juan Manuel Pastoriza	P	1889–1895	—	[48]
1946	Ricardo Cabaleiro	OF	1890–1895	—	[49]
1946	Wenceslao Gálvez	SS	1885–1887	—	[50]
1946	Francsico A. Poyo	C	1898–1900	Key West	[51]
1946	Arturo Valdés	P	1892–1902	—	[48]
1946	Rogelio Valdés	SS	1900–1914	Negro leagues	[52]
1948	Juan Antiga	?	1890–1892	—	[53]
1948	Jacinto Calvo	OF	1913–1927	Major League Baseball	[54]
1948	Nemesio Guilló	OF	1878–1883	—	[55]
1948	Rafael Hernández	OF	1885–1898	—	[56]
1948	Antonio (Antoñico) Mesa	3B	1903-1905	—	[57]
1948	Tomás (Italiano) Romañach	SS	1910–1919	Minor leagues	[58]
1949	Pelayo Chacón	SS	1908–1932	Negro leagues	[59]
1949	Julio (El Cartero) López	OF	1888–1900	All Cubans	[25]
1949	Eduardo Machado	SS	1888–1892	—	[60]
1949	Gonzalo Sánchez	C	1903–1911	All Cubans	[61]
1949	Manuel Villa	OF	1908–1920	Negro leagues	[62]
1950	Manuel (Manolo) Cueto	3B	1912–1933	Major League Baseball	[63]
1950	Rafael Figarola	C	1906–1919	Negro leagues	[64]
1950	Eustaquio Gutiérrez	OF	1914–1916	Minor leagues	[65]
1950	Eugenio Jiménez	?	1897–1902	—	[28]
1950	Ricardo Martínez	SS	1878–1891	—	[66]
1951	Alfredo Arango	OF	1885–1891	—	[67]
1951	Martín Dihigo	P	1922–1947	Negro leagues	[68]
1951	Bienvenido (Pata Jorobá) Jiménez	2B	1913–1929	Negro leagues	[69]
1951	José (Joseíto) Rodríguez	1B	1914–1939	Major League Baseball	[70]
1951	José María Teuma	OF	1882–1889	—	[71]
1953	Moisés Quintero	C	1887–1905	All Cubans	[72]
1953	Juan Violá	OF	1903–1915	Minor leagues	[73]
1953	Carlos Zaldo	SS	1878–1880	—	[74]
1954	Emilio Palmero	P	1913–1929	Major League Baseball	[75]
1954	Pablo Ronquillo	OF	1885–1891	—	[71]
1955	Baldomero (Merito) Acosta	OF	1913–1925	Major League Baseball	[76]
1955	Miguel Angel González	C	1910–1936	Major League Baseball	[77]
1956	Isidro Fabré	P	1918–1939	Negro leagues	[78]
1956	Emilio Palomino	OF	1901–1913	All Cubans	[79]
1957	Adolfo Luque	P	1912–1945	Major League Baseball	[80]
1958	José (Acostica) Acosta	P	1912–1930	Major League Baseball	[81]
1958	Lázaro Salazar	1B	1930–1948	Negro leagues	[82]
1959	Ramón Bragaña	P	1926–1948	Negro leagues	[83]
1959	Armando Cabañas	2B	1900–1916	Negro leagues	[84]
1960	Tomás de la Cruz	P	1934–1947	Major League Baseball	[85]
1960	Oscar Rodríguez	2B	1918–1939	Minor leagues	[86]
2014	Conrado (Connie) Marrero	P	1946–1958	Major League Baseball	[2]
2014	Orestes (Minnie) Miñoso	OF	1945–1961	Major League Baseball	[2]
2014	Camilo Pascual	P	1952–1961	Major League Baseball	[2]
2014	Esteban (Steve) Bellán	3B	1878–1886	National Association of Professional Base Ball Players	[2]
2014	Amado Maestri	Umpire	—	—	[2]
2014	Omar Linares	3B	1982–2002	—	[2][87][88]
2014	Orestes Kindelán	OF, 1B	?	—	[2][88]
2014	Antonio Muñoz	1B	?	—	[2][88]
2014	Luis Casanova	OF	?	—	[2][88]
2014	Braudilio Vinent	P	?	—	[2][88]

See also

• Baseball awards#Cuba

Notes

1. The name shown on the plaque in Havana is Salón de la Fama del Base-Ball Profesional de Cuba (Cuban Professional Baseball Hall of Fame) (see Alfonso 2007), but this longer name is not commonly used in histories of Cuban baseball.
2. Sené, Ismael (12 February 2015), "Refoundation of Cuba's Baseball Hall of Fame", oncubamagazine.com, OnCuba, retrieved 27 March 2016
3. González Echevarría 1999, pp. 205–206, 277.
4. Alfonso 2007. González Echevarría 1999, p. 277. Brietz, Eddie (June 13, 1939). "Stars Compete in Baseball Anniversary". Ottawa Citizen. p. 6. Retrieved April 12, 2010.
5. González Echevarría 1999, pp. 275, 277.
6. "Dihigo, Martin". National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. Retrieved April 13, 2010. "Mendez, Jose". National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. Retrieved April 13, 2010."Torriente, Cristobal". National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
7. Toot 2004, p. 171.
8. Bjarkman 2005, pp. 59–60.
9. Poyo 2009, p. 560. "Baseball: The King of Sports". Dominicana On Line. Archived from the original on December 26, 2009. Retrieved April 5, 2010.
10. González Echevarría 1999, pp. 91, 122, 125, 410.
11. González Echevarría 1999, p. 84.
12. Delgado-García 2005, pp. 50–51.
13. Pérez 1999, p. 83. Figueredo 2003, p. 33. Figueredo 2005, pp. 16–18.
14. Poyo 2009, pp. 548–556.
15. Burgos 2007, pp. 81–82. Hogan, pp. 88–89. Kuntz.
16. Burgos 2007, pp. 94–98. Toot 2004, pp. 31–45."Juan Violat Minor League Statistics & History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved April 6, 2010.
17. Riley 2002, pp. 203, 545–546, 580, 787–788.
18. "Cubans in Baseball Halls of Fame". cubanball.com. Archived from the original on October 11, 2009. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
19. For example, see Alfonso 2007.
20. Bjarkman 2005, p. 65. Figueredo 2003, pp. 508–509.
21. "Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame Phase 2". cubanball.com. Archived from the original on March 24, 2010. Retrieved April 15, 2010."Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame Phase 3". cubanball.com. Archived from the original on January 1, 2014. Retrieved April 15, 2010."Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame Phase 4". cubanball.com. Archived from the original on January 24, 2010. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
22. For pitchers after 1885/86 and position players after 1903, the primary position is based on seasonal rosters shown in Figueredo 2003. For earlier players, the source for primary position is cited in the "Ref" column.
23. Figueredo 2003, pp. 484, 508. "Rafael Almeida Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved March 13, 2010.
24. Figueredo 2003, pp. 485, 508. Riley 2002, pp. 137–138.
25. Figueredo 2003, pp. 482, 508. Figueredo 2005, p. 547. Kuntz.
26. Figueredo 2003, pp. 486, 508. Riley 2002, p. 325.
27. Figueredo 2003, pp. 482, 508. Figueredo 2005, p. 547. "Valentin Gonzales Minor League Statistics & History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved March 12, 2010.
28. Figueredo 2003, pp. 482, 508.
29. Figueredo 2003, pp. 487, 508. "Armando Marsans Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved March 13, 2010.
30. Figueredo 2003, pp. 488, 508. Riley 2002, pp. 545–546.
31. Figueredo 2003, pp. 483, 508. Kuntz.
32. Figueredo 2003, pp. 489, 508. Riley 2002, pp. 787–788.
33. Figueredo 2003, pp. 481, 508. Kuntz.
34. Figueredo 2003, pp. 488, 508. Riley 2002, pp. 573–574.
35. Figueredo 2003, pp. 486, 508. Cuban Stars statistics compiled by Scott Simkus and posted by Ashwill, Gary. "1909 Cuban Stars". agatetype.typepad.com. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
36. Figueredo 2003, pp. 6, 483, 508.
37. Figueredo 2003, pp. 485, 508. "Al Cabrera Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved March 15, 2010.
38. Figueredo 2003, pp. 488, 508. Poyo 2009, p. 551.
39. Figueredo 2003, pp. 485, 508. Riley 2002, p. 161.
40. Figueredo 2003, pp. 487, 508. Riley 2002, p. 380.
41. Figueredo 2003, pp. 488, 508. "Luis Padron Minor League Statistics & History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
42. This name was omitted from Figueredo's list, but is shown by Bjarkman. Figueredo 2003, p. 482. Bjarkman 2005, p. 65.
43. This name was omitted from Figueredo's list, but is shown by Bjarkman. Figueredo 2003, p. 488. Bjarkman 2005, p. 65. Riley 2002, pp. 587–588.
44. Figueredo 2003, pp. 484, 508. Riley 2002, pp. 63–64.
45. Figueredo 2003, pp. 481, 508. Figueredo 2005, p. 547.
46. Figueredo 2003, pp. 485, 508. Riley 2002, p. 249.
47. Figueredo 2003, pp. 488, 508. Riley 2002, p. 567.
48. Figueredo 2003, pp. 483, 508.
49. Figueredo 2003, pp. 28, 481, 508. Figueredo 2005, p. 547.
50. Figueredo 2003, pp. 482, 508. González Echevarría 1999, p. 98.
51. Figueredo 2003, pp. 488, 508. Poyo 2009, p. 544.
52. Figueredo 2003, pp. 489, 508. Riley 2002, p. 799.
53. Figueredo 2003, pp. 481, 508.
54. Figueredo 2003, pp. 485, 508. "Jack Calvo Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved March 29, 2010.
55. Figueredo 2003, pp. 6, 482, 508.
56. Figueredo 2003, pp. 23, 482, 508.
57. Figueredo 2003, pp. 488, 508.
58. Figueredo 2003, pp. 489, 508. "Tomas Romanach Minor League Statistics & History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved March 30, 2010.
59. Figueredo 2003, pp. 485, 508. Riley 2002, pp. 162–163.
60. Figueredo 2003, pp. 482, 508. Pérez 1999, p. 83.
61. Figueredo 2003, pp. 489, 508. Kuntz.
62. Figueredo 2003, pp. 489, 508. Riley 2002, p. 803.
63. Figueredo 2003, pp. 485, 508. "Manuel Cueto Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved April 5, 2010.
64. Figueredo 2003, pp. 486, 508. Riley 2002, p. 282.
65. Figueredo 2003, pp. 486, 508. Riley 2002, p. 344. "Gutterez Minor League Statistics & History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved April 5, 2010.
66. Figueredo 2003, pp. 482, 508. Figueredo 2005, p. 547.
67. Figueredo 2003, pp. 481, 509. Figueredo 2005, p. 10.
68. Figueredo 2003, pp. 493, 509. Riley 2002, pp. 233–235.
69. Figueredo 2003, pp. 487, 509. Riley 2002, pp. 427–428.
70. Figueredo 2003, pp. 489, 509. "Jose Rodriguez Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved April 6, 2010.
71. Figueredo 2003, pp. 483, 509. Figueredo 2005, p. 547.
72. Figueredo 2003, pp. 483, 509. Figueredo 2005, p. 547. Kuntz.
73. Figueredo 2003, pp. 489, 509. "Juan Violat Minor League Statistics & History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved April 6, 2010.
74. Figueredo 2003, pp. 6, 483, 509.
75. Figueredo 2003, pp. 488, 509. "Emilio Palmero Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved April 6, 2010.
76. Figueredo 2003, pp. 484, 509. "Merito Acosta Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved April 6, 2010.
77. Sources disagree on year inducted; Figueredo shows 1955, and Bjarkman shows 1956. Figueredo 2003, pp. 486, 509. Bjarkman 2005, p. 65. "Mike Gonzalez Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved April 6, 2010.
78. Sources disagree on year inducted; Figueredo shows 1956, and Bjarkman shows 1957. Figueredo 2003, pp. 486, 509. Bjarkman 2005, p. 65. Riley 2002, pp. 273–274.
79. Sources disagree on year inducted; Figueredo shows 1956, and Bjarkman shows 1957. Figueredo 2003, pp. 488, 509. Bjarkman 2005, p. 65. Kuntz.
80. Sources disagree on year inducted; Figueredo shows 1957, and Bjarkman shows 1958. Figueredo 2003, pp. 487, 509. Bjarkman 2005, p. 65. "Dolf Luque Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved April 8, 2010.
81. Sources disagree on year inducted; Figueredo shows 1958, and Bjarkman shows 1959. Figueredo 2003, pp. 484, 509. Bjarkman 2005, p. 65. "Jose Acosta Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved April 9, 2010.
82. Sources disagree on year inducted; Figueredo shows 1958, and Bjarkman shows 1959. Figueredo 2003, pp. 498, 509. Bjarkman 2005, p. 65. Riley 2002, pp. 689–690.
83. Sources disagree on year inducted; Figueredo shows 1959, and Bjarkman shows 1960. Figueredo 2003, pp. 492, 509. Bjarkman 2005, p. 65. Riley 2002, pp. 100–101.
84. Sources disagree on year inducted; Figueredo shows 1959, and Bjarkman shows 1960. Figueredo 2003, pp. 485, 509. Bjarkman 2005, p. 65. Riley 2002, p. 142.
85. Sources disagree on year inducted; Figueredo shows 1960, and Bjarkman shows 1961. Figueredo 2003, pp. 493, 509. Bjarkman 2005, p. 65. "Tommy de la Cruz Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
86. Sources disagree on year inducted; Figueredo shows 1960, and Bjarkman shows 1961. Figueredo 2003, pp. 489, 509. Bjarkman 2005, p. 65. "Oscar Rodriguez Minor League Statistics & History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved April 10, 2010. "Oscar Rodríguez Biography". EcuRed. Retrieved February 17, 2014.
87. Bjarkman, Peter C. "Omar Linares". sabr.org. Society for American Baseball Research. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
88. Hernández Torres, Duanys. "The new Cuban baseball immortals (II)". oncubamagazine.com. OnCuba. Archived from the original on 12 April 2016. Retrieved 27 March 2016.

References

• Alfonso, Jorge (August 20, 2007). "Salón de la Fama". Béisbol Cubano. Archived from the original on 2011-07-20. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
• Bjarkman, Peter C. (2005), Diamonds Around the Globe: The Encyclopedia of International Baseball, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, ISBN 0-313-32268-6
• Burgos, Adrian (2007), Playing America's Game: Baseball, Latinos, and the Color Line, Berkeley: University of California Press, ISBN 0-520-23646-7
• Delgado-García, Gregorio (September 2005). "El doctor Juan Antiga y Escobar y la homeopatía en México" (PDF). Boletín Mexicano de Historia y Filosofía de la Medicina. 8 (2): 50–52. Retrieved March 29, 2010.
• Figueredo, Jorge S. (2003), Cuban Baseball: A Statistical History, 1878–1961, Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, ISBN 0-7864-1250-X.
• Figueredo, Jorge S. (2005), Beisbol Cubano : a un Paso de las Grandes Ligas, 1878–1961, Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, ISBN 0-7864-1986-5.
• González Echevarría, Roberto (1999), The Pride of Havana: A History of Cuban Baseball, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-514605-0.
• Hogan, Lawrence D. (2006), Shades of Glory: The Negro Leagues and the Story of African-American Baseball, Washington DC: National Geographic, ISBN 0-7922-5306-X
• Kuntz, Jerry, All Cubans – 1899–1905 : Rosters, archived from the original on October 24, 2007, retrieved April 24, 2010
• Pérez, Louis A., Jr. (1999), On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationality, and Culture, Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, ISBN 0-8078-2487-9.
• Poyo, Gerald E. (Spring 2009). "Baseball in Key West and Havana, 1885–1910: The Career of Francisco A. Poyo". Florida Historical Quarterly. 87 (4): 540–564.
• Riley, James A. (2002), The Biographical Encyclopedia of the Negro Baseball Leagues, New York: Carroll & Graf, ISBN 0-7867-0959-6.
• Toot, Peter T. (2004), Armando Marsans: A Cuban Pioneer in the Major Leagues, Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, ISBN 0-7864-1584-3

External links

• Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame at Baseball-Almanac.com