Cresyl violet

Cresyl violet
Names
	IUPAC name (9-dimethylamino-10-methyl-benzo[a]phenoxazin-5-ylidene)ammonium chloride
	Other names 9-(Dimethylamino)-5-imino-10-methyl-5H-benzo[a]phenoxazine hydrochloride; Cresole violet
Identifiers
CAS Number	18472-89-4;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Beilstein Reference	3910949
ChEBI	CHEBI:52815;
ChemSpider	27064 ;
EC Number	242-356-1;
PubChem CID	29092;
UNII	2AB49C465R;
	InChI InChI=1S/C19H17N3O.ClH/c1-11-8-15-17(10-16(11)22(2)3)23-18-9-14(20)12-6-4-5-7-13(12)19(18)21-15;/h4-10,20H,1-3H3;1H Key: ZHAFUINZIZIXFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/C19H17N3O.ClH/c1-11-8-15-17(10-16(11)22(2)3)23-18-9-14(20)12-6-4-5-7-13(12)19(18)21-15;/h4-10,20H,1-3H3;1H Key: ZHAFUINZIZIXFC-UHFFFAOYAN;
	SMILES [Cl-].N=1c4c(OC=3C=1c2ccccc2\C(=[NH2+])\C=3)cc(c(c4)C)N(C)C;
Properties
Chemical formula	C19H18ClN3O
Molar mass	339.8187
Hazards
Flash point	245.5 °C (473.9 °F; 518.6 K)
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references

Cresyl violet is an organic compound with the chemical formula C₁₉H₁₈ClN₃O. It is a basic dye and is used as a common stain in histology.

Cresyl violet stain

Cresyl violet stained partial brain section of a Macaque.

It is used in biology and medicine as a histological stain. Cresyl violet is an effective and reliable stain used for light microscopy sections. Initially, tissue sections are "defatted" by passing through graded dilutions of ethanol. Then, rehydrated by passing back through decreasing concentrations of ethanol. Lastly, back into water. The ethanol solutions act to differentiate the stain, causing myelin and other components to lose color whereas perikarya retain the color. It is also used to find Helicobacter pylori.[1]

Intestinal mucins also take up the stain although not as strongly as Campylobacter-like organisms. [2]

Cresyl violet is used to stain Heinz bodies in red blood corpuscles or for staining of the neurons in the brain and spinal cord. It is used to demonstrate the Nissl substance in the neurons and cell nuclei. In this role it is also often used as a counterstain to Luxol fast blue, which stains the myelin.

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References

Goggin N, Rowland M, Imrie C, Walsh D, Clyne M, Drumm B (1998). "Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on the natural history of duodenal ulcer disease". Arch. Dis. Child. 79 (6): 502–5. doi:10.1136/adc.79.6.502. PMC 1717771. PMID 10210995.
Burnett RA, Brown IL, Findlay J (1987). "Cresyl fast violet staining method for Campylobacter like organisms". J. Clin. Pathol. 40 (3): 353. doi:10.1136/jcp.40.3.353-b. PMC 1140916. PMID 2435763. Free Full Text.

External links

About stains - University of Western Australia.

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[1] Goggin N, Rowland M, Imrie C, Walsh D, Clyne M, Drumm B (1998). "Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on the natural history of duodenal ulcer disease". Arch. Dis. Child. 79 (6): 502–5. doi:10.1136/adc.79.6.502. PMC 1717771. PMID 10210995.

[2] Burnett RA, Brown IL, Findlay J (1987). "Cresyl fast violet staining method for Campylobacter like organisms". J. Clin. Pathol. 40 (3): 353. doi:10.1136/jcp.40.3.353-b. PMC 1140916. PMID 2435763. Free Full Text.