Coyote (racial category)

Coyote (fem. Coyota), (from the Nahuatl word coyotl, coyote), is a derogatory colonial Spanish American racial term for a mixed-race person casta, usually referring to a person born of parents one of whom is a Mestizo (mixed Spanish + Indigenous) and the other indigenous (indio).

De Mestizo y de India; Coyote. Miguel Cabrera, 1763, oil on canvas, Waldo-Dentzel Art Center.

De mestizo e india, sale coiote. Anonymous 18th century. (From a Mestizo man and an Amerindian woman, a coyote is begotten).

De Castizo y India, Coyota. Anon. 18th c. Mexico

Representation

The casta paintings by Miguel Cabrera (1763) show the place of the coyote in the idealized colonial racial hierarchy (sistema de castas).[1] In colonial Mexico, the term varied regionally, with "regional differences determin[ing] just how much native ancestry qualified a person to be a coyote."[2]

De Español e India, nace Mestizo
De Español y Mestiza, nace Castizo
De Castizo y Española, nace Española
De Español y Negra, nace Mulata
De Español y Mulata, nace Morisco
De Español y Morisca, nace Albino
De Español y Albina, nace Torna atrás
De Indio y Negra, nace Lobo
De Indio y Mestiza, nace Coyote
De Lobo y Negra, nace Chino
De Chino e India, nace Cambujo
De Cambujo e India, nace Tente en el aire
De Tente en el aire y Mulata, nace Albarazado
De Albarazado e India, nace Barcino
De Barcino y Cambuja, nace Calpamulato
Indios Mecos bárbaros (Barbarian Meco Indians)

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References

Katzew, Ilona. Casta Painting: Images of Race in Eighteenth-Century Mexico. New Haven: Yale University Press 2004.
Vinson, Ben III. Before Mestizaje: The Frontiers of Race and Caste in Colonial Mexico. New York: Cambridge University Press 2018, p. 70.

Coyote (racial category)

Representation

See also

References

Further reading