Comet (railcar)

The Comet railcar is a class of locomotive-hauled railcars that was first designed in the late 1960s by Pullman-Standard as a modern commuter car for North American rail lines. Later, the Comet moniker was adopted by NJ Transit for all of its non-powered single level commuter coaches. Additional series of cars bearing the Comet name, based on the original design, have since been built by Bombardier Transportation and Alstom. The successful design was adopted by numerous commuter agencies.

Comet
A NJ Transit consist at Morristown with a Comet V cab, followed by several other Comet cars
ManufacturerAlstom
Bombardier
Pullman Standard
Constructed1970–2005
Entered service1970
Capacity102–130
Operator(s)
Specifications
Maximum speed120 mph (190 km/h)
Track gauge4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge

History

Comet I
Comet I #5118 (ex-1518) at Ridgewood

These cars were the first of the Comet series, built by Pullman Standard in 1970–73 for the Erie-Lackawanna Railroad's diesel-hauled commuter services and purchased by the New Jersey Department of Transportation. These were considered state of the art at the time, due to their all-aluminum body shell construction as well as their use of head-end power (HEP). Their automated entrance doors, designed for use with low platforms only, earned them the nickname "Sliders". 155 cars were built, with 35 cab cars, 110 trailer coaches and 10 bar cars.

In 1987, the fleet was rebuilt by Bombardier at Barre, Vermont, with the cab cars and a number of trailer cars receiving high doors, for ADA access and future compatibility with high platforms. They were given NJ Transit logos adjacent to the entrance doors at this time, as NJ Transit had taken over EL commuter service. The bar cars were converted to standard coaches.

The low door cars were retired from service in 2005. Many of the cars were sold to Utah Transit Authority (UTA) for the FrontRunner service and leased to Metrolink in 2008 to help with an acute car shortage there. In 2010, Metrolink returned the cars to FrontRunner upon Metrolink's receiving delivery of its new "Guardian Fleet" bi-level cars. The Comet I cars have become popular with western commuter lines as the low door setup is compatible with the low-platform stations in use. Eight Comet Is were sold to SEPTA, but are now out of service and put into storage. Some of these have recently been used in work service.

NJ Transit retired the last of its Comet Is in March 2009. The Comets that were not sold to SEPTA, Metrolink, UTA or to private railroads and museum fleets were scrapped by 2010.

Several Comet I cars have been preserved, with notable examples being located at the Whippany Railway Museum in Whippany, New Jersey[1] and the Southern California Railway Museum.[2]

  • Cab car layout
  • Trailer car layout
  • Bar car layout

Comet II
NJT Comet II railcar situated behind the locomotive of a train at Plainfield

The Comet II cars were built by Bombardier Transportation, which acquired the rights to the railcar's design from Pullman. The first order of cars was built for NJ Transit between 1982 and 1983. A second order, the Comet IIB, was purchased in 1988. These cars feature long end-doors with trapdoors over the stairs for use at both low-platform and high-platform stations. The cars are similar to the MBTA's BTC-1 and CTC-1 cars, built in 1978 by Pullman Standard.[3] These cars were intended for use on lines formerly operated by the Central Railroad of New Jersey, operators of the Blue Comet train to Atlantic City. This led to the NJ Transit series of single-level cars becoming known as Comets. These cars have been overhauled by AAI Corporation and Alstom between 1999 and 2003 to make them aesthetically and technologically similar to the Comet IV series and are now compatible with later equipment.

Shoreliner I and II coaches, purchased by Metro-North and the Connecticut Department of Transportation for use on non-electrified territories east of the Hudson River, are variations without long doors. Amtrak's Horizon coaches are also a variation without long, automatic doors. Metro-North also purchased Comet II coaches for use on the Port Jervis Line, where they ran until replaced by the Comet V. The Comet II cars have since been transferred to the East-of-Hudson pool, where they remain in service. SEPTA Regional Rail and Exo also purchased cars based on this class.

Comet III
A Comet III cab car on the end of a NJT train at Princeton Junction

The Comet III cars, ordered by NJ Transit in 1990, feature center doors and long end-doors, permitting end doors to open and close with traps open. The Metro-North Shoreliner III fleet is a variation without long doors. The Comet III fleet was removed from revenue service in 2011, and remain in storage as of 2016.

Metro-North also has a fleet of Comet IIIs from 1991.[4] These cars were sold to NJT in 1998,[5][6] but were later sold back to Metro-North in 2008. The cars are currently stored at Croton.

Comet IV
A train made of Comet IV cars operates on an Atlantic City Line train at Winslow Junction.

The Comet IV cars, delivered in 1996 and purchased for NJ Transit's new Midtown Direct service, are similar to the Comet III cars, except they have no door by the engineer's cab and have thicker stripes. The Metro-North Shoreliner IV fleet is a variation without long doors.

With the completion of the Comet V order, all Comet IV cab cars are no longer allowed to lead a train following the deactivation of their cab controllers. Instead, they are now used exclusively as blind coaches, in which they are inserted into a train consist and act as regular trailer cars.

Comet V
Main article: Comet V
A Comet V cab car on the end of a NJT train at Dunellen

These cars were ordered in 1999 by NJ Transit and Metro-North Railroad and delivered between 2002 and 2004. Unlike previous series which were built by Bombardier, the Comet Vs were built by Alstom. The major external differences are a stainless-steel exterior, larger windows, and visible, roof-mounted air conditioning units.

"Comaro" coaches

Additionally, the "Comet" name has been applied to two distinct orders of coaches used on NJ Transit lines. As both orders had connections to the Arrow series of electric multiple unit (EMU) cars, they have become known as "Comaros", a portmanteau of "Comet" and "Arrow", and a play on the Chevrolet Camaro.

Comet IA
Metro North Comet IA #9198 at Port Jervis in 2002

Ten Comet IA cars (two cabs and eight trailers) were built in 1978 by General Electric for the MTA from surplus shells from Avco and Canadian Vickers remaining from the "Arrow III" EMU fleet built for NJDOT. They saw use primarily on the Port Jervis Line. These cars were retired in 2004 and scrapped by 2006.

Comet IB
NJT Comet IB Cab Car #5160 at Hoboken Terminal

The Comet IB cars were rebuilt from 30 former Penn Central Arrow I EMU cars originally built by the St. Louis Car Company between 1968 and 1969. The Arrow I cars suffered from chronic mechanical problems and were out of service by 1980. The cars sat unused for several years, but realizing that the car bodies still had many decades of service left on them, NJ Transit made the decision to have them rebuilt into un-powered coaches. In 1987 and 1988 the cars were converted into cab control cars and trailer coaches by Morrison-Knudsen for use on non-electrified lines. After two decades of service the Comet IB cars were retired by NJ Transit in late 2008, with some surplus cars temporarily leased to Exo's predecessor agency, AMT. One car is now owned by SEPTA for the wire inspection train.

Amtrak California refurbishment
Comet IB coaches on an Amtrak San Joaquin train at the Martinez station, 2019.

In 2008 the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) purchased 14 Comet IB coaches from NJ Transit for $75,000 per car to relieve overcrowding on the popular San Joaquin route. The Comet IB coaches were refurbished at Amtrak's Beech Grove shops to make them more suitable for inter-city rail service including adding reclining seats with tray tables (with only four seats in a row), more luggage racks, a restroom, WiFi and 6 workstation tables in the center of the car.[7] 12 of the cars California purchased from NJ Transit were cab cars and were reconfigured into trailer cars by removing the train controls and plating over the cab windows.[8] Instead they are used with Non-Powered Control Units that have cab controls and space to store checked baggage.[7]

Caltrans had planned to use the "Comet car" trainsets on trains starting in July 2013, but the refurbishing process took longer than expected. The first of the Caltrans Comet IB coaches, 5008 (ex-NJT 5165) was completed in March 2013. The first "Comet car" trainset was put into regular service on October 21, 2013,[9] and the second trainset was put into regular service on April 15, 2014.[10]

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See also
  • Horizon (railcar) – railcars operated by Amtrak similar in design to that of the Comets.
  • Shoreliner – Metro-North's similar locomotive-hauled railcars used for their East-of-Hudson services.

References
  1. http://www.whippanyrailwaymuseum.net/exhibits/equipment/passenger-cars/comet-i-commuter-coaches
  2. https://www.atrrm.org/2015/06/njt-comet-cars-entering-museum-service/%5B%5D
  3. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved November 14, 2008.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. http://railfan44.rrpicturearchives.net/showPicture.aspx?id=1567192
  5. http://www.rrpicturearchives.net/showPicture.aspx?id=554082
  6. http://www.rrpicturearchives.net/showPicture.aspx?id=744078
  7. San Joaquin Joint Powers Authority/Caltrans. "San Joaquin Rolling Stock Presentation" (PDF). pp. 35–42. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
  8. "Caltrans Comet IB SJVRC Presentation" (PDF). Retrieved July 21, 2013.
  9. "San Joaquin Trains 711 and 718: Operate with Refurbished Equipment" (Press release). Amtrak. Archived from the original on October 24, 2013. Retrieved October 22, 2013.
  10. "NJDOT/NJ Transit Arrow I "Comarrow" Cars". R36 Preservation, Inc.
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