Chilean Gendarmerie

Chilean Gendarmerie; Gendarmería de Chile
Abbreviation	GENCHI
Motto	Labor Omnia Vincit. Deus Patria Lex; Work conquers everything. God, Country, Law
Agency overview
Formed	November 30, 1929
Preceding agency	Cuerpo de Gendarmería de Prisiones;
Jurisdictional structure
National agency; (Operations jurisdiction)	Chile
Operations jurisdiction	Chile
Legal jurisdiction	As per operations jurisdiction
General nature	Gendarmerie; Civilian police;
Operational structure
Overviewed by	Dirección Nacional
Headquarters	Santiago de Chile
Agency executive	Jaime Rojas Flores, National Director of the Gendarmerie;
Website
	http://www.gendarmeria.cl

The Chilean Gendarmerie, in Spanish Gendarmería de Chile, (abbreviated to GENCHI) is the title of Chile's uniformed national prison service. The title is historic, and the service is not an actual gendarmerie.[1] The service evolved out of Chilean Army units which were given police and prison duties.

It is an armed service responsible to the Ministry of Justice. It has two mottoes, "Labor Omnia Vincit" ("Work conquers everything"), and "Deus Patria Lex" (God, Country, Law). Its symbol is a castle.

The service is currently led by Director General of the Gendarmerie Jaime Rojas Flores, appointed to this role by the Chilean president in 2016.

Early History

Chilean Army units were used for policing and guarding prisons from the time of Chile's independence. Chile's first "professional" prison was built in Santiago in 1843. In 1871 the "Special Guard" was created (Guardia Especial) which was Chile's first prison service separate from the army.

A Gendarme battalion, the Bulnes Battalion, fought as part of the Chilean Army during the War of the Pacific.

In 1892, under the government of Admiral Jorge Montt, the service was called "Special Guards of the Prisons of Chile" (Guardias Especiales de las Prisiones de Chile) and was responsible for prisons, executions, and prisoner transport.

Modern History

In 1911, under the government of Ramón Barros Luco, the Special Guards experienced some reforms and the title "Prison Gendarmerie Corps" was adopted (Cuerpo de Gendarmería de Prisiones). It had the additional duty of guarding prisoners in court. The vast majority of members of this new service were seconded from the Army, including officers and other ranks - the very reason for the current military heritage of today's organization. A law was passed in 1921, Law N° 3.815, concerning the organization of the service. (From 1930 until today November 30 - the day the law took effect after its approval - is considered to be the anniversary of the Gendarmerie.)

A Prison Gendarmerie School was established in 1928 to train personnel, and from 1944 onward, became the officer training school of the service.

From 1929 until 1931, the service was part of the Carabiniers of Chile, the national Gendarmerie proper. During this time, it was known within the carabiniers as the Prison Service, and its members were "Prison Carabiniers". From 1931, the title "Prison Service" was used, and the service regained its independence.

In 1944 an academy was founded, called the Penitentiary School of Chile, which in 1954 became the Technical School of Prison Security Services.

During the dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet Ugarte, the current title of "Gendarmería de Chile" was adopted, and a new grey-green uniform was adopted which was inspired by German army uniforms of World War II. The Gendarmerie's Penological Education Academy, the staff college of the service for all junior officers, was established in 1997.

Organization

The Chilean Gendarmerie is a service which is influenced by and actively maintains its historic links with the Chilean army. As a result, it is an armed uniformed service of a para-military character, and it is organized on a para-military basis using army ranks. However the rank of Director General can be filled by either a veteran officer of the force or a civilian, in either case under the appointment and confidence of the President. The current rank system dates from 2010 and is based on the historical ranks of the service.

Ranks of the Gendarmerie

Gendarmes of the ranks
Gendarms of the ranks are those that graduate from the Gendarmerie's Penitentiary Formation School.

Gendarme Alumno - Student Gendarme
Gendarme - Gendarme
Gendarme Segundo - Gendarme 2nd Class
Gendarme Primero - Gendarme 1st Class
Cabo - Lance Corporal
Cabo Segundo - Corporal
Cabo Primero - Corporal First Class
Sargento Segundo - Sergeant
Sargento Primero - Staff Sergeant
Suboficial - Sub-Officer
Suboficial Mayor - Senior Sub-Officer

Officers
All future officers study at the "Pres. Gen. Manuel Bulnes Prieto" Gendarmerie Academy in Santiago de Chile and upon graduation are commissioned as sub-lieutenants.

Aspirante a Oficial - Aspirant
Subteniente - Sub-lieutenant
Teniente Segundo - Second Lieutenant
Teniente Primero - First Lieutenant
Capitan - Captain
Mayor - Major
Teniente Coronel - Lieutenant Colonel
Coronel - Colonel
Subdirector Operativo - Operational Sub-director (Brigadier of the Gendarmerie)
Director National - National Director (General of the Gendarmerie)

The Gendarmiere also maintains a civilian technical and administrative corps, and although they report to both officers and gendarmes, they wear no uniforms at all.

Rank insignia

Dress

High Command

Senior officers

Head officers

Junior officers

Student officers

Uniform coat

Shirt
Raincoat
Parka

Inside

Ranks

Director nacional

Subdirector operativo

Coronel

Teniente coronel

Mayor

Capitán

Teniente 1°

Teniente 2°

Subteniente

Aspirante a oficial

Abbreviation

DIREC NAC

SDO

CRNL

TTE CRNL

MAY

CAP

TTE 1°

TTE 2°

SUB TTE

A.A.O.O

Dress	Warrant Officer	NCOs			Corporals			Gendarms			Students
Uniform coat
Shirt Raincoat Parka
Inside
Ranks	Suboficial Mayor	Suboficial	Sargento 1°	Sargento 2°	Cabo 1º	Cabo 2º	Cabo	Gendarme 1°	Gendarme 2°	Gendarme	Gendarme Alumno

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References

Shorter Oxford English Dictionary describes a gendarme as "a soldier who is employed on police duties" and a "gendarmery, -erie" as "gendarmes as a body"

External links

Official website

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[1] Shorter Oxford English Dictionary describes a gendarme as "a soldier who is employed on police duties" and a "gendarmery, -erie" as "gendarmes as a body"