Charles L. Reason

Charles Lewis Reason was an American mathematician, linguist, and educator. He was the first African-American college professor in the United States, teaching at New-York Central College, McGrawville.[1][2]

Charles L. Reason
Reason in 1854
Born	(1818-07-21)July 21, 1818 New York City
Died	August 16, 1893(1893-08-16) (aged 75) New York City
Nationality	American
Occupation	Professor

Early life and education

Charles Lewis Reason was born in New York City as one of three sons to Michel and Elizabeth (Melville) Reason, free people of color (their surname was originally Rison).

They were from Guadeloupe[3] and Saint-Domingue, respectively, and immigrated as refugees in 1793 shortly after the early years of the Haitian Revolution.[1] His brothers were Elwer W. and Patrick H. Reason, who also became leaders. Their older sister Policarpe died in 1818 at age four.[4]

A child prodigy in mathematics, Charles Reason began teaching the subject at the age of fourteen at the African Free School in New York, which he and two of his brothers attended. He next studied at New-York Central College, an integrated institution founded by members of the Baptist Church in McGraw, New York.[5] His classmates at the African Free School included Henry Highland Garnet, George T. Downing, and Ira Aldridge.[6]

Career

In 1847, Reason, along with Charles Bennett Ray, founded the New York-based Society for the Promotion of Education among Colored Children. Two years later, he was appointed professor of belles-lettres, Greek, Latin, and French at New York Central College, McGrawville, while also serving as an adjunct professor of mathematics. It was a majority white institution.[5] He was the first African American to serve as a professor in the United States.

In 1852 Reason left that post to become the principal of the Quaker Institute for Colored Youth in Philadelphia (later Cheyney University of Pennsylvania), a post he held until 1856. During his time there, Reason increased enrollment from six students to 118.[5] Here he favored math and the sciences, but gradually included other areas of study, particularly languages. Seniors expected their grades to appear in the most widely circulated paper in the U.S. black communities: the A.M.E.'s Christian Recorder. Half of the students normally failed to graduate. Though instruction was strict, and exams were rigorous, parents scrambled to register their children.[7]

Reason returned to New York, where he served for decades in public education as a teacher, administrator, and reformer. During this time, he was instrumental in efforts to abolish slavery and segregation. He successfully lobbied for passage of an 1873 statute to integrate New York's public schools. He was politically active in many community groups.

After the public schools in New York City were desegregated, he became principal of Grammar School No. 80 at 252 West 42nd Street. Although suffering two strokes (one in 1885 and one in 1890) that left him physically incapacitated, Reason continued at his post until he retired, some five months before his death.[8]

Reason was also a poet. He contributed to the Colored American in the 1830s and was a leader of New York City's Phoenix Society in the 1840s. He wrote the poem "Freedom", which celebrated the British abolitionist Thomas Clarkson; it was published in Alexander Crummell's 1849 biography of Clarkson.[9]

Marriage and family

Not much documentation has been found on Reason's personal life, but he was said to have been married and widowed three times. His third and final wife was Clorice (Duplessis) Esteve (1819–1884), whom he married in New York City on July 17, 1855. They had no children, although she had a daughter from her previous marriage to John Lucien Esteve (1809–1852), a French West Indian confectioner, restaurateur and caterer in New York City.[10]

Charles L. Reason died in New York City in 1893[11] and is buried in Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn.[12]

Further reading

• John E. Fleming (with the assistance of Julius Hobson Jr., John McClendon and Herschelle Reed), The Lengthening Shadow of Slavery: A Historical Justification for Affirmative Action for Blacks in Higher Education (Washington, D.C.: Howard University Press, 1974)
• Anthony R. Mayo, "Charles Lewis Reason," Negro History Bulletin 5 (June 1942):212-15
• W. J. Simmons, Men of Mark: Eminent, Progressive, and Rising (1887), pp. 1105–13.

References

1. John H. McLendon III, "Charles L. Reason", Black Past, 2007-2011, accessed 26 February 2011
2. Donaldson, James (1988–1989). A Century of Mathematics in America. Providence, R.I.: American Mathematical Society. pp. 450–451. ISBN 0-8218-0136-8. OCLC 18191729.CS1 maint: date format (link)
3. Dorothy B. Porter, "Patrick H. Reason", Dictionary of American Negro Biography, edited by Rayford W. Logan and Michael R. Winston, 1982
4. "Reason, Patrick Henry (1817–1898) - Artistic Value, Chronology" Archived 2011-07-26 at the Wayback Machine, JRank, accessed 26 February 2011
5. Scott W. Williams, "Charles L. Reason, an African American Mathematician in 1850", Mathematicians of the African Diaspora Website, State University of New York, Buffalo, 2006, accessed 26 February 2011
6. Simmons, William J., and Henry McNeal Turner. Men of Mark: Eminent, Progressive and Rising. GM Rewell & Company, 1887. p657
7. Biddle, Daniel R.; Murray Dubin (2010). Tasting Freedom: Octavius Catto and the Battle for Equality in Civil War America. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. pp. 157–8. ISBN 9781592134656. OCLC 473123281.
8. "OBITUARY. Prof. Charles A. [sic] Reason. New York Times, August 17, 1893
9. Joan R. Sherman, Invisible Poets: Afro-Americans of the Nineteenth Century, 2d ed. (1989), pp. 27-32
10. 1850 Federal Census, Fifth Ward, City of New York, p. 458
11. "OBITUARY. Prof. Charles A. [sic] Reason." New York Times, August 18, 1893.
12. findagrave.com