Charles Dieupart

Charles Dieupart (after 1667 – 1740) was a French harpsichordist, violinist, and composer. Although he was known as Charles to his contemporaries, his real name may have been François. He was most probably born in Paris, but spent much of his life in London, where he settled sometime after 1702/1703. A prominent member of the Drury Lane musical establishment, Dieupart was active both as composer and performer and actively participated in the musical life of the city. However, after about 1712 he earned his income mostly by teaching, and in his later years lived in poverty. He is best remembered today for a collection of six harpsichord suites which influenced Johann Sebastian Bach's English Suites.

Life

Details of Dieupart's early life and training are sketchy, and the reason for his emigration to England is unknown. The earliest document to refer to the composer is his own Six Suittes de clavessin, published in Amsterdam in 1701. He is next heard of on 11 February 1703 in London, when he performed Corelli's music at Drury Lane with Gasparo Visconti. Dieupart settled in London and eventually became an important member of the Drury Lane musical establishment. He collaborated with playwright Peter Anthony Motteux, composer Thomas Clayton, and others; he also participated in performances of music by Italian composers such as Giovanni Bononcini and Domenico Scarlatti.[1]

In late 1707 Dieupart became involved in establishing an operatic project at the Queen's Theatre in the Haymarket, London. Although he evidently played a significant part in the project, he was dropped by the management after about a year, in late 1708. Dieupart tried organizing a series of concerts at York Buildings in 1711 and 1712, but ended up giving only a few. After 1712 he was mostly active as a teacher, although his music was still performed in concerts until at least 1726, and he was apparently a regular member of the Drury Lane orchestra. Dieupart's last known public appearance was in 1724. According to music historian John Hawkins, whose work is the most important source on Dieupart's biography, the composer died at a very advanced age and in poverty.[1]

Music

Dieupart's best-known work is Six Suittes de clavessin (Amsterdam, 1701). As the title indicates, it contains six harpsichord suites. All of them are in seven movements, always with the sequence ouverture – allemande – courante – sarabande – gavotte, a menuet or a passepied, and a gigue as the final movement. Some of the movements within a suite are linked thematically. The music represents a highly successful synthesis of French, Italian and English styles, married with imaginative harmony. The same can be said about most of Dieupart's other music, which has been neglected in recent times. The suites were popular even during the composer's lifetime: they were reissued already in 1702, arranged for violin or recorder (voice flute and fourth flute) and basso continuo, and then 13 of the movements were published in London in 1705 as Select Lessons for the Harpsichord or Spinnett. Johann Sebastian Bach copied all six suites sometime between 1709 and 1714,[2] and was influenced by Dieupart's music, particularly in the famous English Suites.[1] Dieupart's suites may have also inspired Nicolas Siret, whose first book adopts the suite's initial opening as an example.

List of works
  • Six suittes de clavessin (A, D, b, e, F, f) (Amsterdam, 1701)
    • Instrumental arrangements published as Six suittes (Amsterdam, 1702)
    • Thirteen individual movements published as Select Lessons for the Harpsichord or Spinnett (London, 1705)
  • Songs in the New Opera, Call'd Love's Triumph, The Symphonys or Instrumental Parts in the Opera Call'd Love's Triumph (London, 1708)
  • The Overture and Chaconne belonging to [...] the Opera of Thomyris (London, 1708; lost)
  • Six Sonatas or Solos (G, a, e, B, g, F), for recorder and basso continuo (London, 1717)
  • Sonata in D minor for oboe, strings and basso continuo
  • Sonata (Ouverture) in E minor for strings
  • Concerto in A minor for soprano recorder/flute/oboe, 2 oboes, bassoon, strings, and basso continuo
  • Concerto in A major for violin, 2 oboes, bassoon, strings, and basso continuo
  • Concerto in B♭ major for 2 violins, 2 oboes, bassoon, strings, and basso continuo
  • Concerto in E minor for 2 flutes, 2 horns, strings, and basso continuo
  • Concerto in B minor for trumpet, 2 oboes, strings, and basso continuo
  • miscellaneous keyboard pieces and 33 airs published in various collections

Notes
  1. Fuller, Holman, Grove.
  2. Butt 1997, 140.
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References
  • Butt, John (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Bach. Cambridge Companions to Music. Cambridge University Press. 1997. ISBN 978-0-521-58780-8
  • Fuller, David & Holman, Peter (2001). "Charles (François) Dieupart". In Root, Deane L. (ed.). The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Oxford University Press. ‎
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