Cecil C. Steiner

Cecil C. Steiner (June 6, 1896 – February 11, 1989) was a dentist and one of Edward H. Angle's first students in 1921.[1] He developed a form of cephalometric analysis, presented in 1953,[2] referred to as the Steiner method of analysis.[3]

Life

He was born in Rancho Cucamonga, California. His father, Emil Steiner and him, moved to California during the Gold Rush years in 1904. They settled in Imperial Valley where he was part of a school with 12 students. His family homestead a farm in Brawley, California. He attended University of California, Berkeley for his undergraduate education. Dr. Steiner obtained his dental degree from UCSF School of Dentistry at the age of 19. Soon after, he started working in Los Angeles with local Orthodontist named Dr. Ray Robinson. Orthodontic schools at the time spent much time in re-cementing molar bands. He eventually went to Pasadena, California to meet and enroll himself in Angle School of Orthodontia. During the meeting, Dr. Edward Angle asked Steiner about Charles Darwin, which Steiner was not able to answer. Therefore, Steiner was dismissed from the meeting, but Anna Angle asked Steiner to read 20 books and asked him to return for another meeting with Dr. Angle. He returned for another meeting and eventually became Angle's second student in the school in Pasadena. He obtained his degree from there in 1921. He continued working with Angle after his graduation and worked on Ribbon Arch at the school.

Career

He is most-remember for his articles Cephalometrics for You and me (1953), Cephalometrics in Clinical Practice (1959), Use of Cephalometrics as an Aid to Planning and Assessing Orthodontic Treatment (1960). He worked at Angle School of Orthodontia and was also a part-time faculty at the Orthodontics Department in UCSF School of Dentistry. He was instrumental in starting USC Orthodontic Program with Larry L. Dougherty in 1960. The orthodontic department at USC dedicated their library to Dr. steiner due to his contributions to the school.

He died at the age of 92 in Longview, Washington.

Steiner's Analysis

Steiner's Analysis consists of Skeletal, Dental and Soft Tissue Analysis. The skeletal component tries to related the upper and lower to the skull and to each other. The dental component tries to relate the upper and lower incisors to each other and to their respective jaws and the soft tissue component tries to understand the lower facial profile.[4]

Skeletal
  • SNA = This angle helps determine if maxilla is positioned anteriorly or posteriorly to the cranial base
  • SNB = This angle helps determine if mandible is positioned anteriorly or posteriorly to the cranial base
  • ANB = This angle helps determine the relationship between maxilla and mandible to each other
  • Occlusal Plane to SN = Plan that is drawn through cusps of first molars and first premolars. Average is 14 degrees
  • Mandibular Plane = This plane is drawn by using Gonion (Go) and Gnathion (Gn). The average is 32 degrees. The angle that mandibular plane forms with SN plane helps determine the growth pattern of individuals.

Dental
  • Maxillary Incisor Position = Relationship of upper incisors to the N-A line. Average is 22 degrees and 4 mm.
  • Mandibular Incisor Position = Relationship of lower incisors to the N-B line. Average is 25 degrees and 4 mm.
  • Interincisal Angle = Relates position of upper incisor to lower incisor. Average is 130 degrees.
  • Lower Incisor to Chin = According to Holdway, it is the distance from the distal surface of lower incisor to the N-B line (Nasion - B Point). 4 mm is the average

Soft Tissue
  • S Line (Steiner's Line) = According to Steiner,[5] the lips should touch a line extending from the soft tissue contour of the chin to the middle of an S formed by lower border of the nose. Lips that are beyond this line are protrusive.

Awards
  • 1968 Albert H. Ketcham Memorial Award from the American Board of Orthodontics[6][7]
  • 1978 Distinguished Honor Scroll, Charles H. Tweed International Foundation for Orthodontic Research and Education[8]
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References
  1. Wahl, Norman (2006). "Orthodontics in 3 millennia. Chapter 8: The cephalometer takes its place in the orthodontic armamentarium". American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 129 (4): 574–80. doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.01.013. PMID 16627188.
  2. Bidanda, Bopaya; Motavalli, Saeid; Patterson, Gary (1990). "On the development of an integrated computer system for cephalometric analyses". Journal of Medical Systems. 14 (1–2): 1–16. doi:10.1007/BF00995876. PMID 2373968.
  3. Oria, A; Schellino, E; Massaglia, M; Fornengo, B (1991). "A comparative evaluation of Steiner's and McNamara's methods for determining the position of the bone bases". Minerva Stomatologica. 40 (6): 381–5. PMID 1944052.
  4. Abdullah, RTH. "Steiner cephalometric analysis: predicted and actual treatment outcome compared". Orthodontic and Craniofacial Journal. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
  5. Jacobson, Alien (1995). Radiographic Cephalometry (1st ed.). Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc. p. 82.
  6. Railsback, RM (1968). "The Albert H. Ketcham Memorial Award. Presentation to George W. Hahn and Cecil C. Steiner by Richard M. Railsback, president of the American Board of Orthodontics". American Journal of Orthodontics. 54 (9): 691–6. PMID 4875379.
  7. American Board of Orthodontics Archived 2008-05-17 at the Wayback Machine
  8. Charles H. Tweed International Foundation for Orthodontic Research and Education
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