Colaba

Colaba ([koˈlaːbaː]) or (ISO: Kulābā) is a part of the city of Mumbai, India. During Portuguese rule in the 16th century, the island was known as Candil. After the British took over the island in the late 17th century, it was known as Colio.[2]

For the fort in Alibaug, see Kolaba fort
Colaba

Kulābā
Neighbourhood
Colaba
Coordinates: 18.91°N 72.81°E / 18.91; 72.81
CountryIndia
StateMaharashtra
DistrictMumbai City
CityMumbai
Zone1
WardA
Government
 • TypeMunicipal Corporation
 • BodyBrihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (MCGM)
Elevation
4 m (13 ft)
Languages
 • OfficialMarathi
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
400005[1]
Area code(s)022
Vehicle registrationMH 01
Lok Sabha constituencyMumbai South
Vidhan Sabha constituencyColaba
Civic agencyBMC

History
Seven islands of Bombay, before reclamation

The name Colaba comes from Kolabhat, a word in the language of Kolis, the indigenous inhabitants of the islands, before the arrival of the Portuguese.[3] The area that is now Colaba was originally a region consisting of two islands: Colaba and Little Colaba (or Old Woman's Island). The island of Colaba was one of the Seven islands of Bombay ruled by the Portuguese.

The Portuguese had acquired these lands from the Sultanate of Cambay by the Treaty of Bassein (1534). The group of islands was given by Portugal to Charles II of England as a dowry when he married Catherine of Braganza in 1661. The cession of Bombay and dependencies was strongly resented by Portuguese officials in Goa and Bombay, who resisted transfer of possession for several years, while the English representatives were confined to the island of Anjediva while negotiations continued. Angered by the back-tracking, Charles II leased these lands to the British East India Company for a nominal annual rent. Gerald Aungier, second Governor of Bombay (1672), and the president of the English settlement of Surat, took possession of Colaba and Old Woman's Island on behalf of the Company in 1675.

Portugal continued to hold Little Colaba island for several decades more before ceding it to the English in about 1762, subject to the retention of Portuguese ownership of a house on the island, that is now the Blessed Sacrament Chapel in Middle Colaba. This was leased by the Portuguese Government of Goa to the Bishop of Damao, the head of the Padroado party in Bombay, as his residence. After an attempt by the Propaganda Fide party to seize the chapel, a court ruled that the house remained the property of the Government of Portugal and evicted the Propaganda Fide party.

Old Bombay, 1909
Ambitious reclamation plans from 1912 have been only partly realised.
Colaba Chapel, Bombay (Clutterbuck, 1889, p. 173)[4]

In 1743, British Colaba was leased to Richard Broughton at Rs. 200 yearly, and the lease was renewed in 1764.[5] By 1796, Colaba had become a cantonment. Colaba was known for the variety of fishes – the bombil (Bombay duck), rawas, halwa, turtles, crabs, prawns and lobsters.

A Colaba Observatory, a meteorological observatory was established in 1826 in the part that was called Upper Colaba. The Colaba Causeway was completed in 1838, and thus, the remaining two islands were joined to the others. Gradually, Colaba became a commercial center, after the Cotton Exchange was opened at Cotton Green in 1844. The real estate prices in the area went up. The Colaba Causeway was widened in 1861 and 1863.

One of the Colonial-era buildings opposite Regal Cinema

Colaba became a separate municipality ward in 1872. The Sick Bungalows (now known as INHS Ashvini) were built in the 19th century. The construction of the Anglican church of St. John the Evangelist (now known as Afghan Church after the First Afghan War of 1838) began in 1847. The Church was consecrated in 1858, with the work on the steeple being concluded in 1865.

The horse-drawn tram-cars were introduced in 1873 by Stearns and Kitteredge, who had their offices on the west side of the Causeway, where the Electric House now stands.

The Prong's lighthouse was constructed at the southern tip of the island in 1875. The eponymous Sassoon Docks were built by David Sassoon on reclaimed land in the same year. The BB&CI Railways established the Colaba railway station or terminus, the site of which is now occupied by the Badhwar Park layout. The development of Colaba pushed the native kolis to the edges of the island.

The Bombay City Improvement Trust reclaimed around 90,000 square yards (75,000 m2) on the western shore of Colaba. Eminent citizens of Mumbai, such as Sir Pherozeshah Mehta, opposed the work, fearing that the reclamation would depress prices of land. However, the reclamation work continued and was completed in 1905. There was no fall in the land prices. In 1906, a seafront road with a raised sea-side promenade was completed, and named as "Cuffe Parade" after T. W. Cuffe of the Trust.

Present

The Gateway of India, the art deco style Regal Theatre, the cafes (Café Mondegar, Cafe Royal and Leopold Cafe), and the Taj Mahal Palace & Tower, Royal Bombay Yacht Club, Bademiya Restaurant and Bagdadi restaurant, as well as a number of modern pubs, restaurants and clubs all add to the atmosphere. The southern tip is occupied by a military cantonment, including the large Navy Nagar layout built on reclaimed land known as Holiday Camp. The older parts of the cantonment retains its large, wooded spaces and is the only bit of green left in this otherwise congested area. In the midst of Navy Nagar lies the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), one of India's leading scientific institutions. Colaba is renowned for high-end boutiques and imitation consumer goods, and is popular with tourists. Notable residents include Ratan Tata, Anil Ambani, and Ravi Shastri. Colaba Causeway, or just "Causeway" as it is known in Mumbai, offers everything from bracelets to perfumes to clothes to watches, clocks, DVDs and CDs. It has an old English charm and a very modern feel as well. Colaba is also the art center of Mumbai, with all the major galleries and museums located in and around this area.[6] Even today, in 2019, the government has managed to preserve most of its colonial-era architectures.

Colaba is home to the Cooperage Football Ground.

A 180° panoramic view of Colaba. Click to enlarge

Nearest railway stations:

Visitor attractions
  • Cafe Mondegar on Colaba Causeway
  • Colaba Apartments
  • Colaba Causeway construction, view from Colaba island, 1826

Terrorist attack in November 2008

On 26 November 2008, terrorist strikes occurred at various places in Colaba, notably the Taj Mahal Palace & Tower, Leopold Café and Mumbai Chabad House. The attacks resulted in over 100 deaths and significant damages.

gollark: my age is negative zero point four four four four seven nine picoaeons.
gollark: yes.
gollark: We could provide some kind of encoding for regular stuff in unprintables.
gollark: Maybe make it '' (the empty string).
gollark: The language name should be unprintable too in some weird way.

See also

References
  1. "Pin code : Colaba, Mumbai". pincode.org.in. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  2. "Attractions in Mumbai, India". Lonelyplanet.com. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  3. "Google Groups". bbs.keyhole.com. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  4. Clutterbuck, G W (1889). "A Sketch of the Mission in Bombay". Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine: 199. Retrieved 3 November 2015.
  5. Gupta, Sourendu (28 October 1999). "Colaba, Cuffe Parade and Navy Nagar: Mumbai/Bombay pages". theory.tifr.res.in. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  6. "Colaba: Latest News, Videos and Photos - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
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