Canandaigua, New York

Canandaigua /ˌkænənˈdeɪɡwə/ (Utaʼnaráhkhwaʼ[3] in Tuscarora) is a city in Ontario County, New York, United States. The population was 10,545 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Ontario County; some administrative offices are at the county complex in the adjacent town of Hopewell.[4][5]

This article is about the city. For the town, see Canandaigua (town), New York. For the lake, see Canandaigua Lake.
Canandaigua
City
View north along Main Street, 2014
Etymology: "Ganandogan", Tuscarora for "the chosen spot"
Canandaigua
Location within the state of New York
Coordinates: 42°53′15″N 77°16′54″W
CountryUnited States
StateNew York
CountyOntario
Incorporation as village1815
Incorporation as city1913
Government
 • TypeCouncil–Manager
 • City ManagerJohn Goodwin
 • MayorBob Palumbo (R)
Area
 • Total4.85 sq mi (12.55 km2)
 • Land4.58 sq mi (11.86 km2)
 • Water0.27 sq mi (0.69 km2)
Elevation
750 ft (230 m)
Lowest elevation
690 ft (210 m)
Population
 (2010)
 • Total10,545
 • Estimate 
(2019)[2]
10,156
 • Density2,217.47/sq mi (856.15/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (Eastern Daylight Time)
ZIP Codes
14424, 14425
Area code(s)585
FIPS code36-069-12144
FIPS code36-12144
GNIS feature ID0945739
Wikimedia CommonsCanandaigua (city), New York
WebsiteCity of Canandaigua

The name Canandaigua is derived from the Seneca name of its historic village here, spelled variously Kanandarque, Ganandogan, Ga-nun-da-gwa, or Konondaigua, which was established long before any European Americans came to the area. In a modern transcription, the historic village is rendered as tganǫdæ:gwęh, which means "the chosen spot", or "at the chosen town".[6]

The city lies within the Town of Canandaigua. The City of Canandaigua is on the northern end of Canandaigua Lake, 24 miles (39 km) southeast of Rochester, 68 miles (109 km) west of Syracuse and 93 miles (150 km) east of Buffalo. Parts of six neighboring towns also share the Canandaigua mailing address and 14424 ZIP code.

History

Overview

Developed near Canandaigua Lake at the site of the historic Seneca village Ganandogan, by the mid-19th century Canandaigua was an important railroad junction and home port for several steamboats that operated on the lake. After the Civil War, local industries included two brick works, the Lisk Manufacturing Company, several mills, and the regionally prominent McKechnie Brewery. The shire town of the original county of western New York, Canandaigua was the site of the trial of Susan B. Anthony in 1873 on charges of voting illegally because only men were allowed to vote.

In the 21st century, the town is a center for business, government, health care, and education. Canandaigua is the home of Constellation Brands, founded as Canandaigua Wine Company which produces Manischewitz wine; Finger Lakes Community College; Thompson Health System; the Constellation Brands – Marvin Sands Performing Arts Center (CMAC); Granger Homestead; The Canandaigua Lady Paddle wheel tour boat; and Sonnenberg Gardens and Mansion State Historic Park.

Chronological

French explorers Robert de La Salle and René de Bréhant de Galinée visited the region in 1669. They recorded seeing a burning spring known to the Seneca in what is now known as the nearby Town of Bristol.[7] The water of the spring appears to burn as a flame; this is caused by escaping natural gas, and several such burning springs have been noted in the Canandaigua area.[8][9]

The city was the historic site of Kanandaigua, a Seneca village. The village site was later used for West Avenue Cemetery. The village was formed by former residents of the Ganondagan Seneca village, destroyed by the French in 1687.

The Kanandaigua Seneca village, consisting of 23 longhouses, was destroyed during the American Revolutionary War by the Sullivan Expedition on September 10, 1779.[10] American rebels had mounted this attack in reprisal for an attack by Mohawk and other British allies on Cherry Valley in the eastern part of the territory. The American forces attacked Iroquois villages throughout western New York, destroying 40 and burning the winter stores of the people. The Iroquois fled to Fort Niagara as refugees, and many died of starvation that winter.

After the war, pioneer settlers came from eastern New York and New England. They founded the city's public high school, Canandaigua Academy, in 1791. On November 11, 1794, the Treaty of Canandaigua was signed in the town by representatives of the United States of America and the Six Nations of the Iroquois; the British had ceded Iroquois lands without consulting them, and the US forced most of the Iroquois Native Americans out of the state. It established two small reservations for the Seneca and Oneida, who had been allies of the American rebels, but they suffered considerable enmity and discrimination after the war.

What is now the city separated from the Town of Canandaigua to become the Village of Canandaigua in 1815 and a city in 1913.

In 1807–1808, Jessie Hawley, a flour merchant from Geneva, served 20 months in the Canandaigua debtors' prison. He was an early proponent of building a canal through the Mohawk Valley to improve shipping and connect the Hudson River with Lake Erie. During his time in prison, he published 14 influential essays on the canal concept.

Stephen A. Douglas was a student at Canandaigua Academy between 1830 and January 1833; he later moved west and was elected as US senator from Illinois. He was the 1860 Democratic Party presidential nominee, losing to Republican Abraham Lincoln.[11]

This area of New York was a center of activism for women's suffrage and other progressive movements. In 1873, the Ontario County Courthouse, located in the City of Canandaigua, was the site of the trial of Susan B. Anthony, a leader of the women's suffrage movement who was arrested for voting at a time when only men were allowed to vote. She was found guilty and fined $100, which she did not pay.[12]

John Willys was born in Canandaigua in 1873 and operated a bicycle sales and repair shop there, before later becoming a successful automobile manufacturer.[13]

On October 30, 1900 Theodore Roosevelt Made a brief stop in Canandaigua to give a campaign speech at Atwater park.[14]

In 1945, Marvin Sands founded Canandaigua Wine Company. With a growing American market for wine in the late 20th century, the company expanded rapidly through acquisitions in the 1980s and 1990s. It joined other companies in forming Constellation Brands and became the world's largest wine and spirits distributor. In 2006, Canandaigua Wine Company rebranded as Centerra Wine Co., a subsidiary of Constellation Wines, U.S., Inc.[15]

On March 14, 2006, President George W. Bush visited Canandaigua, giving speeches at Canandaigua Academy and at Ferris Hills, an assisted-living community for seniors. He was describing Medicare Part D for senior citizens.[16] The text of his speech at Ferris Hills can be found here.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, Canandaigua has an area of 4.8 square miles (12.5 km2), of which 4.6 square miles (11.9 km2) is land and 0.2 square mile (0.6 km2) (4.75%) is water.

The city is at the northern end of Canandaigua Lake, in the Finger Lakes region, the largest wine-producing area in New York State.

The city is on U.S. Route 20 and NY Routes 5 and 21.

Climate
Climate data for Canandaigua
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °F (°C) 34
(1)		 36
(2)		 43
(6)		 55
(13)		 68
(20)		 77
(25)		 81
(27)		 79
(26)		 72
(22)		 61
(16)		 48
(9)		 37
(3)		 58
(14)
Daily mean °F (°C) 27
(−3)		 27
(−3)		 36
(2)		 46
(8)		 57
(14)		 66
(19)		 72
(22)		 70
(21)		 63
(17)		 52
(11)		 43
(6)		 30
(−1)		 49
(9)
Average low °F (°C) 18
(−8)		 19
(−7)		 27
(−3)		 36
(2)		 46
(8)		 57
(14)		 63
(17)		 61
(16)		 54
(12)		 43
(6)		 34
(1)		 25
(−4)		 40
(5)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 1.81
(46.0)		 1.65
(41.9)		 2.52
(64.0)		 3.12
(79.2)		 2.96
(75.2)		 3.50
(88.9)		 3.80
(96.5)		 3.22
(81.8)		 3.36
(85.3)		 2.99
(75.9)		 2.82
(71.6)		 2.22
(56.4)		 33.96
(862.7)
Source: [17]

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
1810450—
18301,830—
18402,79052.5%
18503,20014.7%
18604,82250.7%
18704,8620.8%
18805,72617.8%
18905,8682.5%
19006,1514.8%
19107,21717.3%
19207,2991.1%
19307,5413.3%
19408,32110.3%
19508,3320.1%
19609,37012.5%
197010,48811.9%
198010,419−0.7%
199010,7252.9%
200011,2645.0%
201010,545−6.4%
Est. 201910,156[2]−3.7%
U.S. Decennial Census[18]
Ontario County Courthouse

As of the census of 2010, there were 10,545 people, 4,789 households, and 2,470 families residing in the city.[19]

As of the census[20] of 2000, there were 11,264 people, 4,762 households, and 2,666 families residing in the city in the year 2000 census. The population density was 2,447.5 people per square mile (945.4/km2). There were 5,066 housing units at an average density of 1,100.8 per square mile (425.2/km2). The city's racial makeup was 96.04% White, 1.53% Black or African American, 0.22% Native American, 0.66% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.26% from other races, and 1.23% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.02% of the population.

There were 4,762 households out of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.7% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.0% were non-families. 35.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.95.

City Hall

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 23.3% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 18.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $37,197, and the median income for a family was $47,388. Males had a median income of $31,950 versus $26,538 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,153. About 5.9% of families and 9.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.9% of those under age 18 and 8.9% of those age 65 or over.

Education

The Canandaigua City School District serves Canandaigua and the surrounding region. The district includes Canandaigua Academy as its high school.

Culture and landmarks
  • Sonnenberg Mansion and Gardens, a Victorian mansion and 50 acres (200,000 m²) of gardens, is now a state historic park; it is open from May through mid-October and requires an admission fee.
  • The New York Wine & Culinary Center, hosting a variety of exhibits, programs and classes related to New York State wine and agriculture products, opened in 2006 in downtown Canandaigua.[21]
  • Kershaw Beach at the north end of Canandaigua Lake (on Lakeshore Drive) is open to the public for a small fee.[22]
  • Canandaigua Lake State Marine Park is located in the city and offers several hard-surface boat ramps for access to Canandaigua Lake.[23]
  • At 116 Gorham Street is located one of the relatively few remaining Octagon Houses in New York, which were popular for a time in the state.[24]
  • The town of Hopewell, New York hosts an annual steam fair, called the Pageant of Steam, in August.
  • Finger Lakes Community College (partially located in the town of Hopewell, New York) has the Constellation Brands – Marvin Sands Performing Arts Center, which features a variety of performances available to the community.
  • Canandaigua Farmer's Market is located in the Beeman and Lafayette St. Parking Lot and runs from June–October.[25]
  • The Canandaigua Lady is a double-decker paddle wheel steamboat replica that offers public cruises on Canandaigua Lake from May–October.[26]
  • Canandaigua hosts several festivals and large events throughout the year, such as the Finger Lakes Riesling Festival, Waterfront Art Festival, Canandaigua Art and Music Festival, LakeMusic Festival, Festival of Trees at the Granger Homestead and Carriage Museum, Christkindl Market, and the Finger Lakes Plein Air Festival.[27][28][29][30][31]

National Register of Historic Places

Within the City of Canandaigua, the following buildings, properties and districts are listed on the National Register of Historic Places:

Notable people
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See also

References
  1. "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 27, 2020.
  2. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  3. Rudes, B. Tuscarora English Dictionary Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999
  4. Google Maps (3019 County Complex Drive, Canandaigua, New York), Retrieved Jan. 14, 2015.
  5. Ontario County, New York, Retrieved Jan. 14, 2015.
  6. Bright, William (2004). Native American placenames of the United States. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 79. ISBN 978-0-8061-3598-4. Retrieved 11 April 2011.
  7. Milliken, Charles F. (1911). A History of Ontario County, New York and Its People, Volume 1. Lewis Historical Publishing Company. pp. 229–230. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
  8. "Burning Springs". Nyhistoric.com. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
  9. The Northern Traveller, and Northern Tour, with the routes to the Springs, Niagara, and Quebec, and the coal mines of Pennsylvania; also, the tour of New-England. 4th ed. New York: J. & J. Harper. 1830. p. 117. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
  10. Hardenbergh, John Leonard; Hawley, Charles; Beatty, Erkuries; Grant, Thomas; Dearborn, Henry (1879). Clark, John S. (ed.). The Journal of Lieut. John L. Hardenbergh: Of the Second New York Continental Regiment from May 1 to October 3, 1779, in General Sullivan's Campaign Against the Western Indians. Knapp & Peck. pp. 48–49. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
  11. Johannsen, Robert Walter (1997). Stephen A. Douglas. University of Illinois Press. pp. 12–14. ISBN 9780252066351. Retrieved January 15, 2015.
  12. Linder, Douglas (February 2001). "The Trial of Susan B. Anthony for Illegal Voting". Jurist.law.pitt.edu. University of Pittsburgh School of Law. Archived from the original on March 30, 2014. Retrieved July 9, 2015.
  13. "The Magazine of Wall Street". Ticker Publishing Company. 15 December 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2018 – via Google Books.
  14. The Life of Theodore Roosevelt: Twenty-fifth President of the United States page 226
  15. "Centerra Wine Company, Inc.: Private Company Information". BusinessWeek. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
  16. David Green (March 15, 2006). "President Goes Local with Trip to New York". Npr.org. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
  17. "Monthly Averages for Canandaigua, NY (14424)". The Weather Channel. Archived from the original on 9 February 2013. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
  18. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  19. American FactFinder . Factfinder2.census.gov. Retrieved on 2013-08-02.
  20. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  21. Thomas Pellechia (September 2006). "N.Y. Wine & Culinary Center Opens In Finger Lakes". Winesandvines.com. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
  22. Kershaw Swim Beach - Canandaigua, New York. Canandaigua.govoffice.com. Retrieved on 2013-08-02.
  23. NYS Office of Parks, Recreation & Historic Preservation. "Canandaigua Lake State Marine Park". Nysparks.com. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
  24. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-10-06. Retrieved 2019-01-04.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  25. Canandaigua Farmers Market, Canandaigua Farmers Market. Retrieved on 2013-08-02.
  26. "Welcome to cdgalady.com". Cdgaboatcruises.com. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
  27. "Lynne Crawford". Waterfrontartfestival.com. Archived from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
  28. "Canandaigua Art & Music Festival". Canandaiguaartfestival.com. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
  29. "Granger Homestead and Carriage Museum". Grangerhomestead.org. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
  30. "Canandaigua LakeMusic Festival". Canandaigua LakeMusic Festival. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
  31. "2019 Finger Lakes Plein Air Festival". 2019 Finger Lakes Plein Air Festival. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
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