Camping food

Backcountry camping food includes ingredients used to prepare food suitable for backcountry camping and backpacking. The foods differ substantially from the ingredients found in a typical home kitchen. The primary differences relate to campers' and backpackers' special needs for foods that have appropriate cooking time, perishability, weight, and nutritional content.

A freeze-dried ice cream sandwich

Freeze-dried bacon bars that can be used as camping food

To address these needs, camping food is often made up of either freeze-dried, precooked or dehydrated ingredients. Many campers use a combination of these foods.

Meal and ingredient requirements

Limited cooking time

Due to the difficulty of carrying large amounts of cooking fuel, campers often require their meals to cook in a short amount of time (5–20 minutes). Many campers prefer a ‘just add boiling water’ method of cooking, while others enjoy a more involved, and therefore often higher quality meal. The amount of cooking time can be disregarded if campers are able to cook over a campfire, however, due to the possibility of a burn-ban being in place, campers do not often rely on this option.

Shelf-stability

Camping foods are often shelf-stable, that is, they require no refrigeration. Campers may be outdoors for days or weeks at a time, and will often pack food for the entire trip. Campers will sometimes take fresh food that can be consumed in the first day or two of a hike but will usually not risk carrying perishable food beyond that timeframe. Campers hiking in the snow or other cold conditions or campers with access to a cold water source may be able to store perishable food in the snow or secured in a bag and kept in the cold water to act as a refrigeration source.

Lightweight

Backpackers must carry everything with them so they require all of their gear and food to be as lightweight as possible. Campers often turn to freeze-dried and dehydrated meals and ingredients for this reason, but they will also sometimes take a pouch of tuna or some other ingredient with a high water content with them as a treat, providing that the item has nutritional value. Backpackers usually take empty containers back with them for recycling and proper disposal.

Nutrition content

Backpackers, canoeists, climbers and other outdoor enthusiasts often cover many miles everyday, consuming thousands of calories to keep their energy level high. Backpackers require an average of 480 calories per hour[1] as well as higher sodium levels. Because of the high levels of nutritional burn and emphasis on weight, backpackers monitor the ratio of calories-to-ounce that their food provides. To ensure their bodies are properly nourished, campers must pay close attention to their meal plans.

Ingredients

To prepare meals that work well outdoors, campers employ a variety of techniques. All campers are advised to prepare meals that are made of easy to prepare ingredients.

Freeze-dried ingredients

Frozen dried eggs can be shelf stable for up to 25 years

Freeze-drying requires the use of heavy machinery and is not something that most campers are able to do on their own. Freeze-dried ingredients are often considered superior to dehydrated ingredients however, because they rehydrate at camp faster and retain more flavor than their dehydrated counterparts. Freeze-dried ingredients take so little time to rehydrate that they can often be eaten without cooking them first and have a texture similar to a crunchy chip.

Small amounts of freeze-dried ingredients are sometimes available for sale from emergency supply outlets or from stores specific to camping. Freeze-dried ingredients that have not been combined into a meal are often hard to find, however, and are often sought out by campers.

Dehydrated meals & ingredients

Dehydration can reduce the weight of the food by sixty to ninety percent by removing water through evaporation. Some foods dehydrate well, such as onions, peppers, and tomatoes.[2][3] Dehydration often produces a more compact, albeit slightly heavier, end result than freeze-drying.

Full meals or individual ingredients may be dehydrated. Dehydration of individual ingredients allows the flexibility to cook different meals based on available ingredients, while precooked and dehydrated meals offer greater convenience.[4] Several cookbooks and online grocery stores specialize in dehydrated foods. A Fork in the Trail and Another Fork in the Trail are both backcountry cookbooks that focus on dehydrating full meals.[5]

Precooked foods

MRE entree

Contents of a MRE package

Surplus military Meals, Meals, Ready-to-Eat (MREs) are sometimes used by campers. These meals contain precooked foods in retort pouches. A retort pouch is a plastic and metal foil laminate pouch that is used as an alternative to traditional industrial canning methods.

Common ingredients

Uncooked instant ramen

The final type of ingredients available to campers are those that are typically found in the grocery store. Some examples of these types of food are polenta, grits, quick-cooking pasta (such as angel hair pasta), ramen, instant potatoes, dried soups, jerky and pouch meats such as tuna, SPAM or salmon.

When using these common ingredients, campers often repackage them to reduce packaging or combine them into a meal-ready package, therefore reducing prep-time at camp. The main requirement that campers look for in these types of ingredients is the cook-time with 20 minutes being the longest amount of cook-time that most campers will tolerate.

Backcountry cooking methods

Main article: Outdoor cooking

A cast iron potjie on a fire, very similar to a Dutch oven

Camping stoves and cookware

There is a large variety of camping stoves on the market ranging in specialty from being extremely lightweight to focusing on using very little fuel. The majority of campers rely on a stove for their cooking needs as they boast several advantages over cooking over a campfire. Since most camping stoves have an adjustable heat source, they can be much easier to use than a campfire. The ability to quickly adjust the flame to reduce your pot from a boil to a simmer, for example, is considered invaluable to many campers. Campfires can take a long time to start and get to a point where they are suitable for cooking over. Since a cook-stove can be ready in minutes, this is an advantage for many campers. While butane is the most commonly used fuel for camping stoves, propane is preferred in winter as it has a lower boiling point.[6] Many types of cookware exist for outdoor cooking.

Campfire

Wilderness areas can often have a burn-ban, prohibiting people from starting a fire. If a camper were to rely on the campfire method as their only source for cooking heat, they could find themselves in an unlucky situation. Cooking over a campfire can lead to pots and pans darkened with soot. Soot can be extremely difficult to remove and, if left on the pan, can easily rub off onto clothing or the inside of the backpack. Campers have discovered methods of preventing this problem, such as coating the pans with cooking oil, to make the soot easier to remove.

Campers relying on the use of a campfire do not have to carry the extra weight of a cook stove and may rely on a campfire to reduce their pack weight. Campfires provide a great amount of warmth while cook stoves provide none. On cold days, a campfire is often welcome. Leave No Trace discourages the use of a campfire as a source of heat. Campers making a campfire in the same location time after time can deplete the available wood in the area, which impacts the natural habitat of the animals. Campers are also more likely to inadvertently leave food scraps around the fire pit, which could attract animals.

Chemical heaters

Some camping food is ready to eat and may be warmed using chemical heaters, such as the flameless heaters used in MREs, or a self-contained chemical heater built into the food packaging itself.[7]

Solar cooking

Solar cooking provides clean and safe alternative to campfire. Using solar cookers is easy and inexpensive since they do not require fuel to work. Most solar cookers also provide minimum required temperature during cloudy days to prepare the food. Despite many advantages that solar cooking provides it is unusable during the nighttime and it will not provide heat and protection against wild animals like a campfire does.

See also

• Meal, Ready-to-Eat
• Space food
• Camping
• Campfire
• Outdoor cooking

References

1. "Backpacker Magazine's Winter Calorie Count". Archived from the original on 2011-05-27. Retrieved 2009-04-23.
2. "Camping Food FAQs". Archived from the original on 2018-04-02. Retrieved 2009-05-17.
3. "Camping Food Tips: Backpacking, Hiking & Camping Meals Get Easy". Archived from the original on 2009-04-22. Retrieved 2009-05-17.
4. "Drying Food". Circular 1227. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, College of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service. 1977. Retrieved 2009-05-17.
5. "A Fork in the Trail". Retrieved 2009-05-17.
6. "The Ultimate Camping Guide: Checklists & Essential Tips for Campers". www.wonderfulwellies.co.uk. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
7. "Heater Meals". Camping Survival. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2009-05-09.

Further reading

• Claudia Axcell, Vikki Kinmont Kath, Diana Cooke, Simple Foods for the Pack, 3e. Sierra Club