Calycophorae

Calycophorae is a suborder of siphonophores. The order includes the giant siphonophore, (Praya dubia); one of the longest lengthwise extant creatures (40-50m).

This article is about the group of marine animals sometimes called "shōei". For the Japanese actor, see Shōei.

Calycophorae
(center): Rosacea cymbiformis, colony; (top left): Rosacea cymbiformis, group of an infertile and a male medusa; (right): Bassia bassensi, colony; (top center): Bassia bassensis, upper bell from above; (bottom right): Bassia bassensis, upper bell inside; (bottom center): Bassia bassensis, lower bell from below; (top right): Bassia bassensis, group of an infertile and a male medusa; (bottom left): Bassia bassensis, female medusa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Cnidaria
Class:	Hydrozoa
Order:	Siphonophorae
Suborder:	Calycophorae Leuckart, 1854[1]
Families[2]
Abylidae L. Agassiz, 1862 Clausophyidae Totton, 1965 Diphyidae Quoy & Gaimard, 1827 Hippopodiidae Kölliker, 1853 Prayidae Kölliker, 1853 Sphaeronectidae Huxley, 1859 Tottonophyidae Pugh, Dunn & Haddock, 2018
Synonyms[2]
Calyconectae Haeckel, 1888[3] Calycophoridae Leuckart, 1854

In Japanese they are called 鐘泳[4] (shōei) or 'swimming bell.'

Unlike members of Physonectae and Cystonectae, Calycophorans lack a pneumatophore (float) and only have a siphosome and a nectosome.[5] In the nectosome are typically only one or two nectophores (swimming bells), except in Hippopodiidae which have many.[2] The zooids in the siphosome repeat in a pattern, and each iteration is called a cormidium.[5] Except for in Hippopodiidae, which lack them, each cormidium has a single hydrophyllium (protective bract).[2] Occasionally the cormidia detach and become eudoxid (the sexual stage).[2] Calycophoran colonies are monoecious, containing male and female zooids.[2]

References

1. Leuckart R. (1854). Zur nähern Kenntniss der Siphonophoren von Nizza. Archiv für Naturgeschichte. 20(1): 249- 377, pl. 11- 13., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31374#page/257/mode/1up Archived 2016-04-16 at the Wayback Machine page(s): 256
2. Schuchert, P. (2019). World Hydrozoa Database. Calycophorae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=135333 Archived 2017-11-04 at the Wayback Machine on 2019-03-19
3. Haeckel, E. (1888). System der Siphonophoren auf phylogenetischer Grundlage entworfen. Jenaische Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaft. 22: 1-46., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43887#page/11/mode/1up Archived 2019-04-04 at the Wayback Machine page(s): 31
4. Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology. (2009 onwards). Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL). Accessed on 2018-11-21. available online at http://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/bismal Archived 2013-01-05 at the Wayback Machine
5. Dunn, Casey. "Siphonophores: Body Plan". Siphonophores. Archived from the original on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 19 March 2019.

Further reading

• Totton, Arthur Knyvett 1965. A Synopsis of the Siphonophora. London, British Museum (Natural History). Pp. 230.