Caladenia paradoxa

Caladenia paradoxa, commonly known as the ironcaps spider orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has a single erect, hairy leaf and up to three small creamy-white flowers. It was previously thought to be the same species as the eastern Australian Caladenia flaccida but is now recognised as distinct.

labellum detail

Ironcaps spider orchid
Caladenia paradoxa in the Lake Hurlstone Nature Reserve
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Diurideae
Genus: Caladenia
Species:
C. paradoxa
Binomial name
Caladenia paradoxa
Synonyms
  • Calonemorchis paradoxa (Hopper & A.P.Br.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
  • Calonema paradoxum (Hopper & A.P.Br.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
  • Jonesiopsis paradoxa (Hopper & A.P.Br.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.

Description

Caladenia paradoxa is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single erect, hairy leaf, 50–100 mm (2–4 in) long and 2–4 mm (0.08–0.2 in) wide. Up to three creamy white flowers 80–150 mm (3–6 in) long and 60–100 mm (2–4 in) wide are borne on a stalk 150–300 mm (6–10 in) tall. The sepals and petals have long, thin, drooping, brown thread-like ends. The dorsal sepal is erect, 50–100 mm (2–4 in) long and about 2 mm (0.08 in) wide. The lateral sepals are 50–100 mm (2–4 in) long and 2–3 mm (0.08–0.1 in) wide and curve stiffly downwards. The petals are 50–95 mm (2–4 in) long, about 2 mm (0.08 in) wide and arranged like the lateral sepals. The labellum is 8–12 mm (0.3–0.5 in) long, 5–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) wide and creamy-white with red lines and spots. The sides of the labellum have short, blunt teeth and there are two rows of anvil-shaped, cream-coloured calli which sometimes have red tips along its mid-line. Flowering occurs from August to early October.[2][3][4]

Taxonomy and naming

Caladenia paradoxa was first described in 2001 by Stephen Hopper and Andrew Phillip Brown from a specimen collected near Southern Cross and the description was published in Nuytsia.[1] The specific epithet (paradoxa) is a Latin word meaning "strange" or "contrary to expectations"[5] referring to the difficulty of categorising this as a separate species.[3]

Distribution and habitat

The ironcaps spider orchid is found on the coastal plain between Wubin and Norseman in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Jarrah Forest and Mallee biogeographic regions. It usually grows on the slopes of ironstone hills.[2][3][4][6]

Conservation

Caladenia paradoxa is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.[6]

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References
  1. "Caladenia paradoxa". APNI. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
  2. Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 107. ISBN 1877069124.
  3. Brown, Andrew; Dundas, Pat; Dixon, Kingsley; Hopper, Stephen (2008). Orchids of Western Australia. Crawley, Western Australia: University of Western Australia Press. p. 67. ISBN 9780980296457.
  4. Hoffman, Noel; Brown, Andrew (2011). Orchids of South-West Australia (3rd ed.). Gooseberry Hill: Noel Hoffman. p. 61. ISBN 9780646562322.
  5. Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 761.
  6. "Caladenia paradoxa". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
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